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VanDerHeide, Jennifer; Newell, George E. – Written Communication, 2013
We propose "instructional chaining" as an analytic method for capturing and describing key instructional episodes enacted by expert writing teachers to foster the recontextualization over time of the social practices of argumentative writing through process-oriented instructional approaches. The article locates instructional chaining…
Descriptors: Teaching Methods, Persuasive Discourse, Writing Instruction, Writing (Composition)
OECD Publishing, 2014
The "PISA 2012 Technical Report" describes the methodology underlying the PISA 2012 survey, which tested 15-year-olds' competencies in mathematics, reading and science and, in some countries, problem solving and financial literacy. It examines the design and implementation of the project at a level of detail that allows researchers to…
Descriptors: International Assessment, Secondary School Students, Foreign Countries, Achievement Tests