PROGRAMED TEXTS MUST BE COORDINATED WITH TEACHING MACHINES TO RAISE THE QUALITY OF INSTRUCTION IN HIGHER EDUCATION. THUS, CYBERNETICS CAN BE USED TO INDIVIDUALIZE THE TEACHING PROCESS BY PRESENTING NEW, DISCRETE INFORMATION UNITS TO STUDENTS ONLY AFTER CONTINUOUS FEEDBACK FROM STUDENT TO INSTRUCTOR HAS VERIFIED KNOWLEDGE OF PREVIOUS INFORMATION.…

THE NEW METHODS AND TECHNIQUES IN EDUCATION INCLUDE RADIO, TELEVISION, AND PROGRAMED INSTRUCTION. RADIO PRESERVES THE BASICALLY ORAL PRESENTATION OF MATERIAL WHILE TELEVISION, COORDINATING BOTH AUDIO AND VISUAL MATERIAL, CAN BE AT LEAST AS EFFECTIVE IN DEVELOPING THE CONCEPTS OF CAUSALITY AND RATIONALIZATION, REDUCING THE DISTANCE BETWEEN…

ON THE PREMISES THAT THE DEVELOPMENT OF PROGRAMED LEARNING BY RESEARCH TEAMS OF SUBJECT AND TECHNIQUE SPECIALISTS IS INDISPUTABLE, AND THAT THE EXPERIENCED TEACHER IN THE ROLE OF INDIVIDUAL TUTOR IS INDISPENSABLE, THE TECHNOLOGY TO SUPPORT PROGRAMED INSTRUCTION MUST BE ADVANCED. AUTOMATED DEVICES EMPLOYING SEQUENTIAL AND BRANCHING TECHNIQUES FOR…

Various Soviet conceptions of technology and their influence on the automation of instruction in the Soviet Union are examined, and the history of the development of Soviet programed instruction is sketched. Key principles and techniques from Soviet psychology, pedagogy, computer technology, and cybernetics are explained in terms of their…