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Peer reviewed
Direct linkAryadoust, Vahid; Luo, Lan – Language Testing, 2023
This study reviewed conceptualizations and operationalizations of second language (L2) listening constructs. A total of 157 peer-reviewed papers published in 19 journals in applied linguistics were coded for (1) publication year, author, source title, location, language, and reliability and (2) listening subskills, cognitive processes, attributes,…
Descriptors: Test Format, Listening Comprehension Tests, Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction
PDF pending restorationGordon, Judith R. – 1979
The Discovery-Expository Instrument is a classroom observation scale which measures the position of a teacher's presentation on a continuum of discovery presentation (in which the student is encouraged to solve problems with minimal help from the teacher), to expository presentation (in which the teacher provides a complete description and…
Descriptors: Behavior Rating Scales, Classroom Observation Techniques, Discovery Learning, Elementary Secondary Education
