This investigation evaluated performance of university students on visual and nonvisual versions of an achievement test. Two experimental designs assessed the effects and interactions between visual and nonvisual instructional modes, order of drawing test (before or after verbal/visual achievement test), and mode of drawing test (verbal cued or…

In the introductory section of this report, the Second International Mathematics Study (1981-82) is described. The study, which involved about 500 classrooms in the United States and classrooms in 24 other countries in grades 8 and 12, was designed to provide detailed information about the content of the mathematics curriculum, how mathematics is…

The major literature review by Black and Wiliam (1998a) provided strong research evidence indicating that assessment for learning can produce significant gains in students' learning. The present study applied the main aspects of assessment for learning, as highlighted in the Black and Wiliam review, in a specific area of science education, that of…