Argues the relative merits of using in-process and retrospective journals, during and after the writing process, to empower students to explore and use their own ways of constructing knowledge to make connections as they write. (KEH)

Describes a sequence of writing and evaluation exercises that provides students with an authentic writing task and places it within a social context that is ideal for the process-writing classroom. Notes that this method provides a supportive and gradual introduction to peer evaluation for both teachers and students. (MM)

Reviews the history of education in the United States, focusing on student control opportunities in writing instruction. Observes that, contrary to literature on the subject, student ownership of written work may not always be the appropriate or best possible alternative. (MM)

Discusses microwriting activities, which focus on the problem, the process, and the product of typical communication assignments. Describes how microwriting is used in class, and types of microwriting activities. (SR)

Analyzes the ways in which writing is thinking. Illustrates this claim by showing how writing engages thinking, how writing reveals thinking, and how writing clarifies thinking. Provides concrete ways that writing teachers can model the writing process. (HB)

Background: When writing a text, students are required to do several things simultaneously. They have to plan, translate and review, which involve demanding cognitive processes. In order to handle this complexity, writers need to develop a writing strategy. The two most well-defined writing strategies that have been identified, are those of a…

Addresses the question of how teachers can best use writing style imitation to strengthen student composition by exploring validity of claims made for usefulness of models in teaching ESL writing; range, goals, and effectiveness of model-based exercises and writing-tasks; and advantages of process-oriented approach to writing. (Author/BK)

Suggests that students keep writing logs (a record of problems and solutions, techniques, and strategies) as a way to develop conscious control of their writing processes. (RAE)

Discusses the experiences of a fictitious teacher and events surrounding a fictitious summer institute for writing teachers--experiences which sound a great deal like Alice's adventures in Wonderland. (RS)

Surveys college instructors on how magazine and feature writing are taught. Finds that most (55 percent) used the process method of instruction, and 30.5 percent used the product approach. Suggests the two methods have much in common. Notes advantages and disadvantages of each. (SR)

Criticizes the focus among some educators upon the writing process. Notes that all writers do not follow the same process and that teaching students otherwise oversimplifies writing instruction and diminishes efforts to improve it. Explains a "scaffolding" approach which involves outlining of increments in a writing process without…

Reports a study of members of the Magazine Division of the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication. Indicates that writing coaching is widespread in magazine writing courses. Describes a five-step writing process in which students were coached in one such course. (SG)

Notes that recent critiques of process approaches to writing claim that an implicit mode of instruction privileging mainstream students is typical of process approaches. Traces implicit instruction to the structuralist intellectual tradition. Concludes that a poststructuralist appreciation of differences, especially difference among discourses,…

Encouraging students to be more vocal members of the response sequence can assist teachers in writing stronger comments on student texts. The author conducted a small-scale study of students' reactions to response formats, finding that students preferred formats that allowed teachers to elaborate on their comments, displayed teacher effort,…

Writing in Western culture requires mastery of both rhetorical theory and the expressive writing often promoted in composition studies, however great the conflict between them might be. The tension between these two poles can even be a source of excitement and motivation. Landmark composition studies such as those of James Britton and Janet Emig…