The need to consider the interaction of characteristics that affect students' learning is stressed. Levels of cognitive development as proposed by Piaget are presented first, with how they relate to teaching mathematics discussed. Then two cognitive styles, relating to the way an individual most efficiently processes information, are considered:…

This paper describes a plan to improve school effectiveness in the Tulsa (Oklahoma) Public Schools by incorporating instruction in thinking skills. The program selected by the school district was the Strategic Reasoning Program, based on Albert Upton's Design for Thinking and J. P. Guilford's Structure of the Intellect. The Strategic Reasoning…

The manual presents an Individualized Education Program development guide for working with special education preschoolers. Goals, objectives, and activities are specified in six major areas: (1) speech and language skills (expressive skills, comprehension skills, imitation of non-speech vocalizations, sorting by category; (2) self help skills…

Non-English speaking students of average intelligence experience extreme frustration when learning to read. The frustration is partly a result of simultaneous requirements to speak, read, listen, and write in the new language. It also is possible that the teaching methods and strategies employed by the teachers could be harmful to non-English…

This booklet contains proceedings of the Fourth Conference of the University/Urban Schools National Task Force. The conference was held to present information about four programs designed to help high school students to sharpen their reasoning skills. Criteria for program development state that: (1) the program can be taught to teachers in a…

In order to determine the effect of day care center sponsorship on children's development, the authors examined the ways in which programs, objects and materials, and teacher/child interactions affected the preoperational behavior of 4-year-old black children in publicly and privately supported day care centers. A total of 120 4-year-olds (30 from…

The learning assistance counselor at the college level should facilitate learning for students who have not developed their cognitive and literacy skills. To enrich the process of discovery in student learning, the counselor can direct students in the following textbook activities: practicing basic syllabifying skills on technical and scientific…

This paper studies the difficulties children have solving word problems that correspond to one of the situations modeled by multiplication; that of a ratio (e.g. "candies per box"), multiplied by an extensive quantity (e.g. "boxes") (I x E). Sixty children were individually observed solving and repeating I x E problems. Various…

Provided is the manual for the "Think Aloud" program for young aggressive boys which is designed to slow down and inhibit first associations; increase verbal mediation; inhibit immature, irrelevant speech; increase repertory of alternative responses; increase skill in staying with a plan and evaluating outcomes; and facilitate transfer…

Research has indicated that one significant deficiency in the intellectual capabilities of disadvantaged children is a disability in abstract thinking. Although all very young children lack this ability, the environment of the middle class child provides an opportunity so that as this child matures, the ability to think in abstract terms naturally…

The hypothesis was tested that concrete operational subjects learn better from a laboratory-based concrete activity approach than would formal subjects. Four units of mathematics were studied over a 7-week period by 89 preservice elementary teachers divided into lecture and laboratory groups. A 2 by 2 design (treatment by cognitive level) was used…

This book presents a theory of child development and learning and explores the implications of this theory for early childhood education. The theory is based on the Piagetian premise that the acquisition of knowledge is the result of an active process of construction. The child mentally transforms the environment by relating new information to…

Noting that a study of semantics can inform teachers' understanding of the reading process, this paper describes seven basic types of meaning, illustrates how the interrelatedness of meanings within a semantic field may be shown, and discusses children's acquisition of semantic fields. It cites research into the development of semantic fields in…

This document is an English-language abstract (approximately 1,500 words) of a book containing the results of many years of experimental research aimed at ascertaining the intellectual ability of students in the junior grades to assimilate theoretical knowledge. Chapter one analyzes the problem of the age peculiarities of children. The author…

A project conducted several years ago to develop informal mathematical learning experiences at kindergarten level is compared with the results of the work-book type (formal) program being used at that time. It is hypothesized that kindergarten pupils who study mathematical concepts in a planned, sequential, systematic, but non-workbook (informal)…