Author focused on the basic principles that should inform educational theory and methodology. (Author/RK)

In Soviet schools the teaching of mathematics is quite formal, and experimentation with new methods and programs fairly restricted. In most Republics, examinations are given at the end of grades 8 and 10. Appendices to this article include an analysis of Estonian textbooks and a listing of sample examination problems. (SD)

Specifying and writing appropriate items for student writing assessments is an exacting task. All too frequently, however, teachers approach this task by reading a skill statement and hurriedly writing a few items with correct answers combined with several distractors. This approach disregards the essentials of isolating a single skill for…

A basic issue in second language (L2) teaching is whether the learner's first language (L1) should be used in the process. Differing views of language teaching authorities and various experiments carried out to test the use of translation in foreign language teaching are presented briefly. The author's experiment, involving teaching two groups of…

Dissatisfied both with lecturing to 125 students three times a week and with the idea of having teaching assistants conduct seminars, the author devised a new method of handling his class. With administration consent, he arranged to lecture to the whole class (by then, 275 students) twice a week and to conduct 11 seminars of 25 students each.…

Research concerned with the compensatory education of disadvantaged children points to language deprivation as a primary causative factor in the "cumulative deficit" in education and school failure of these children. From a psycholinguistic framework, a method was devised to teach some of the essential linguistic skills in a short intensive…

The author summarizes and reviews seven research studies which seek to determine the role of individual modal preference as related to learning to read. The seven studies are by Bateman (1968); Robinson (1968); Jones (1970); Bruininks (1968); Cripe (1966); de Hirsh, Jansky, and Langford (1966); and Bursuk (1971). Of these studies, only Bursuk…

Psychological labels are too often used by educators as a justification for ignoring student problems, rather than taking steps to help solve them.

Suggests through historical examination that memory, primarily linked with the imagination as a constructive and creative factor, is an important element in art training. (Author/RK)

Tests Ausubel's (1960) subsumption theory of learning in the context of children's use of causal and logical connectives. Predicts that the acquisition of prior cognitive structure organizers would facilitate the learning and retention of subsequently presented concepts and logical operations and lead to a decrease of syncretic reasoning and…

The use of peers to provide instructional control was investigated in two studies. The first determined the reliability with which students identify multiplication fact errors. The second investigated the effectiveness of a peer-mediated drill procedure for instruction on multiplication facts. (Author/RK)

The author presents a series of lessons planned for group discussion, the objectives of which are to help individuals discover that their childhood experiences affect their self-concepts and to promote positive self-concepts in children that they may encounter. (MF)

After being given either achievement-orienting or neutral instructions, subjects waited for an undesignated period of time and then performed an intellective task. Evidence is presented supporting the hypothesis that highly anxious persons under stress experience cognitive interference and preoccupation that makes time pass slowly and results in…

Presents (1) a dialogue approach to spelling for remedial students, (2) a list of activities that can encourage students to be active readers of poetry, (3) guidelines for modifying tests for mainstreamed students, (4) a method of encouraging efficient notetaking which utilizes active class involvement, and (5) the addresses of several…

Included are brief articles on multiplication of negative integers and testing knowledge by asking true-false questions that involve a relatively high level of abstraction. A number of specific examples are included. (MNS)