The vision of K-12 standards-based mathematics reform embraces a greater emphasis on students' ability to communicate their understandings of mathematics by utilizing adaptive reasoning (i.e., reflection, explanation, and justification of thinking) through mathematics discourse. However, recent studies suggest that many students lack the…

Although much is known about how students perform on standardized tests, little research exists concerning how students think and process while taking such tests. This mixed methods action research study was designed to investigate if a constructivist approach to test preparation could yield improved results for 37 English language arts freshmen…

Techniques emerging from the considerable research on cognitive aspects of survey methodology include various forms of probing and cognitive interviewing. These techniques are used to examine whether respondents' interpretations of self-report items are consistent with researchers' assumptions and intended meanings given the constructs the items…

The interactions between levels of learner prior knowledge and effectiveness of different instructional techniques and procedures have been intensively investigated within a cognitive load framework since mid-90s. This line of research has become known as the expertise reversal effect. Apart from their cognitive load theory-based prediction and…

Cognitive load theory has been very influential in educational psychology during the last decade in providing guidelines for instructional design. Whereas numerous empirical studies have used it as a theoretical framework, a closer analysis reveals some fundamental conceptual problems within the theory. Various generalizations of empirical…

This year-long qualitative case study explores the ways in which one teacher intern reflected upon her knowledge and experiences within two sometimes dichotomous domains: the elementary school classrooms in which she taught and her university coursework. Data collection took place over a period of eight months and consisted of twenty-two weekly…

This book is intended to offer the teacher practical classroom ideas. The first chapter suggests two approaches in teaching children to inquire and compares the three modes of teaching--didactic, Socratic, and inquiry. The second chapter considers the problem of what people do as they inquire and the relationship between data and theory, which are…

Describes the use of facts, concepts, and values in teaching students the importance of feeling, thinking, choosing, and acting in their daily lives. (BRB)

Instrumental Enrichment, an approach which assesses intellectual potential and stresses the importance of learning to think in new ways, was implemented with normal and learning difficulty students. Tasks involve comparisons, classifications, sequence, and relationships in space and time. Preliminary results point to success for students as well…

Describes a remedial thinking technique developed by Reuben Feuerstein called Instrumental Enrichment which is ideally suited to working with ESL students. Feuerstein believes most learning problems are due to absence of mediational learning at an early age. Program is process-oriented with workbooks and emphasis on verbal mediation. (BK)

Outlines the beginnings of a teaching theory based on student learning processes, focusing on the regulation dimension of teaching and learning and the effects teaching and learning have on each other. Discusses congruence and friction between these regulatory modes of control. Contains 74 references. (SLD)

The overt aspects of dialogue, especially the spoken exchange, are the focus of most counsellor education interventions. However, in addition to its visible and audible aspects, counselling conversation also features covert dimensions. This article describes an educational exercise designed to heighten counsellors' awareness of one of these covert…

This article critically reviews the literature that examines the anxiety phenomenon in the field of second/foreign language learning. A major theme that runs through this review is how anxiety comes into play in second/foreign language learning, and whether it is a central construct or only an add-on element that is negligible. Anxiety is defined…

Music learning and music performance involve all aspects of the individual: cognitive, emotional, social, and psychomotor. John Feierabend shows that music requires a special kind of intellectual process that is unique to the discipline. Brain density reaches its peak in a child's first few years of life; hence, as with language, music learning…

We experimentally investigated the effect of crib sheet construction and use on student learning and exam performance. Students expected to use their prepared crib sheets during testing; however, unexpectedly they first completed a pretest without their crib sheets. Students scored significantly better on the same questions with crib sheets…