Over the past 40 years, Jim Cummins has proposed a number of highly influential theoretical concepts, including the threshold and interdependence hypotheses and the distinction between conversational fluency and academic language proficiency. In this book, he provides a personal account of how these ideas developed and he examines the credibility…

This paper focuses on the transformation of conversation analytic findings on L2 classroom interaction into resources for changing teachers' pedagogical practices. It argues that identification of problems in student-teacher interaction or of interactional sequences that create learning opportunities can provide valuable insights for teachers, as…

This paper shall describe the bridging strategies used by Grades 3 and 4 English teachers from schools in two regions in the Philippines to help their multilingual students transition from using the mother tongue as medium of instruction in the different subject areas to using English in the English classroom. Data were obtained through…

Translanguaging has recently been promoted as a socially just and academically beneficial way to teach English language learners, however, there is an absence of research on the compelling ways bilingual families in the United States flexibly apply their entire linguistic repertoire when reading, particularly within shared readings. The present…

Many out-of-school time (OST) sites are incorporating literacy time in their programming to capitalize on the benefits associated with literacy instruction. Afterschool is a perfect opportunity to foster a love of reading in children. Expanded learning in afterschool programs can make a difference in both short-term and long-term academic…

This study investigates how critical intercultural pedagogy, creative arts methods, inspired by new materialism, can support new forms of language and intercultural learning in contexts of conflict. Columbian university scholarship recipients in pre-service English language education from disadvantaged backgrounds, co-research alongside the…

While research on students' perceptions of code-switching in EFL classrooms has proliferated over the past several decades, limited research has been conducted to understand students' perceptions with different levels of language proficiency in English. Drawing on both quantitative and qualitative data collected from students with different…

To optimize translanguaging pedagogies, particularly in English-only environments, teachers need to scaffold translanguaging activities and help students recognize that translanguaging can benefit their learning in school. Consistent and well-designed scaffolding can help classroom communities view translanguaging as a norm. In this article, the…

Pictures offer a universal language for thinking and recording ideas. Creating pictures before writing can provide an engaging and effective alternative pathway into literacy learning for English learners and others who struggle with writing. As educators face the many challenges of trying to meet the diverse needs of students in their…

Many Zimbabwean mathematics classrooms have student populations from diverse cultural backgrounds who speak diverse Shona dialects. Most of the mathematics teaching is not related to the learners' world or everyday experiences because it is taught in English, a second language for most of these learners. Teachers therefore play a fundamental role…

Young bilinguals in multilingual environments frequently act as language brokers for members of their families and communities. It is thus not surprising that growing numbers of young language brokers are drawn to formal translation/interpreting programs. Nevertheless, when they join, they often encounter pedagogies that tend to focus on elective…

In response to the globally escalating number of language learners tasked with learning science through a foreign language, this review seeks to bring new perspectives by reframing research findings, still dominated by historical language assumptions, through a contemporary language lens. We aim to unearth, amalgamate and expose the potentials of…

We analyse data collected at multilingual schools in Catalonia, taking a plurilingual and socio-cultural Conversation Analysis approach to the interactions studied. The analytical sections of the article show how plurilingual practices are resources for students' participation in classroom activities; we argue that language learning is a process…

This paper revisits the notion of 'legitimate language' [e.g. Bourdieu 1977. "The Economics of Linguistic Exchange." "Social Science Information" 16 (6): 645-668] as it relates to multilingualism in educational contexts. Since Heller [1996. "Legitimate Language in a Multilingual School." "Linguistics and…

This article presents findings from qualitative research conducted in eight New York City public schools offering English as a new language (also known as English as a second language), in which language education policies were monolingual in English at the start of data collection. These schools participated in an intensive professional…