The relationship between instruction and instructional design is explored. The aim of instruction is to assist the individual as learner. The Learner, the Content, the Media, the Teacher Function, and the Context within which learning is to occur interact during a period of time to form an instructional episode (the CMT paradigm). Considering all…

Confusion and concern about the use of the term "andragogy" generated the question, "Is there a generic set of principles that guide lifelong learning?" The term "anthrogogy" (anthro = human) was created to name the way out of the confusion. To identify the assumptions that constitute anthrogogy and illustrate their…

Although the emphasis is on occupational training in this text intended for the beginning instructor who possesses subject-matter expertise which he wishes to convert or translate into a successful training program, the techniques and approach described can be transferred to a variety of settings. Using a systems approach, techniques are presented…

Instruction is the focus of the final pamphlet in a six-part series describing the Management Organization Systems Technique (MOST). The system was designed at Wayne County Community College to determine the goals and objectives of the college and assist management in their attainment and evaluation. The instruction component of the system takes…

A guide for agencies in setting up new employee development programs or a tool for assessing existing ones, the paper presents an eight-step process for organizational training. Step 1 commences with the identification and ranking of learning needs, or conducting a needs assessment. Step 2, selection of learning objectives, includes a job analysis…

A step-by-step exposition is presented of the manner in which the systematic application of the principles of instructional design can lead to sequential learning. Following an introduction to systematic instructional design, the second and third chapters of the book discuss a systems model of the classroom and the setting of objectives for…

Discusses two ways in which task analysis can be integrated with instructional design--substantive integration, where the type of task analysis is determined by design type, and temporal integration, where analysis activities are interspersed with design activities. Flowcharts, examples of and procedures for instructional analysis, and references…

Two basic approaches to career education (CE) are available to school systems in Arkansas: a "stand-alone" approach and an "integrated" CE program. The stand-alone course, which is called career orientation (CO), is required for all junior high schools. It consists of four major units: self-awareness; career awareness;…

Discusses the work and planning requisite to the success of an ambitious, developmental, computer-assisted instruction project. (JF)

Continues an earlier paper which dealt with the basic concepts concerning the learning process that should be used as a starting point for the instructional design process. Instructional decisions that should be taken at the macro design level are discussed. Twenty-five references are listed. (LLS)

Proposes a systems approach for educational organization and planning comprised of six processes based on open-systems theory. This approach sets up the structure for discovering what teaching styles best manage certain learning styles by using particular methods. (DC)

Reviews problems with research in determining the effectiveness of distance education, and presents a systems model to be used as a framework upon which researchers can build. The telecommunications in instruction model incorporates learner variables, instructor variables, presentational elements, course content elements, and distance education…

Examines the extent to which a group of superior elementary and secondary school teachers employed systematic instructional-planning practices. The two approaches were found to be different in several important ways: teachers did not place much emphasis on specifying objectives, creating objectives-based tests, or making other instructional…

This paper aims to demonstrate that Soft Systems Methodology (SSM), a soft systems approach developed in management studies (see Checkland, 1981), can be usefully linked with Exploratory Practice (EP), a form of practitioner research for language classrooms. Some compatible SSM and EP characteristics, in tandem, could enhance continual efforts to…

Carroll's (1963) model of school learning and Bloom's (1968) mastery learning both address theoretical and practical aspects of the time factor in school learning via an appeal to diagnostic-prescriptive teaching. The design of instructional environments and materials--particularly as advocated by Glaser (1976)--represents the mechanism to bring…