This paper presents and illustrates a framework for synthesis of research and theory on human characteristics, and relates that framework to the concerns of individuals working in the visual literacy area. The framework presented casts learner characteristics into four general types, derived from two primary dimensions: stability/change and…

Techniques for using video tape for teacher observation are described. A form was devised for teachers to use as they observed replaying of tapes of their performance in an actual class situation. The form was divided into three charts. The first chart enabled the teachers to note teacher talk, student talk, and moments of silence or confusion.…

A teacher of young children may be able to xercise control over her pupils' behavior by temporarily associating herself with tangible means of reinforcement. This study investigates whether contingent (C) or noncontingent (NC) tangible reinforcement is more effective. Four Head Start and four middle class children were used as subjects. Their task…

A structured, student-centered approach to teaching hyperactive, emotionally disturbed children involves a contingency between instructional activities and play-time that is gradually faded out. During the instructional phase, behavior modification techniques are applied to shift students' behavior from external to internal control. Therapeutic…

Two groups of six children (aged 9 and 10 years) were given either traditional remedial reading treatment or behavioral therapy consisting of the Staats motivated Action Reading Technique. The method involved positive reinforcement for correct responses during three phases of instruction: individual word phase, oral reading phase, and silent…

Although the best teaching strategy would seem to be that which builds on existing student values and skills, actual classroom practice falls short of this ideal because, among other reasons, the teacher is not likely to understand the student's viewpoint when it is outside his own experience. The teacher who, however, wants to capitalize on the…

This study pragmatically studied and developed classroom management techniques and teaching strategies to increase pupil interest in the learning process, in the hope of contributing to pupil gain in desirable behaviors. Data was collected from teachers in four states. The classroom problems related by the teachers involved cognitive and affective…

A project was conducted to teach behavior modification techniques in a number of school settings and to get teachers to apply the techniques in their classrooms. Techniques, which consisted of making some consequence (reward) contingent upon appropriate behavior emitted by the individual or group, were demonstrated at teachers' meetings in a…

This paper discusses affective strategies for teaching reading at the elementary school level. The contents include: "Use of Newspaper," which presents a chart of reading skills to be used by the teacher and provides such suggestions for developing interest in the newspaper as having a newspaper editor visit the classroom, role playing as…

In the debate on instructional objectives, some argue for reducing all objectives to statements of student terminal behaviors, while others want open-minded objectives which allow for diverse, unpredictable outcomes. A synthesis of seemingly incompatible behavioral specification and open-endedness is proposed: (1) Behavioral objectives need not…

This annotated bibliography was prepared in response to requests to gather in one place recent audio-visual materials for training teachers of English. It identifies films, filmstrips, and video tapes which could be used either in inservice education or English methods courses. NCTE/ERIC surveyed the membership of the Conference on English…

Ways of helping coaches to counsel unemployed adults in the solving of their personal problems are explored in this manual. Originally printed as two separate volumes, this reprinting of the study has bound the two together. Volume I involves a general discussion of life's problems and of the need to solve them. This volume contains four parts.…

This is a trainer's manual for the fourth of six components of the Instructional Staff Development (ISD) program. Where the previous components focused on a teacher-directed inquiry, the manual describes the goal of this component as the creation of an environment in which students can use self-directed inquiry. The manual notes a great deal of…

This trainer's manual for the fifth of six components of the Instructional Staff Development (ISD) program is designed to prepare teachers to develop a model for use in Pupil Centered Inquiry teaching (PCI). This component is said to build on the teacher's knowledge, skills, and attitudes gained in the first four components; the entire program is…

Fourth grade students (half of whom received reading instruction through the Language Experience Approach and the other half through the Basal Reader Approach since the first grade) were observed to determine the behavioral channeling of aggression when influenced by method of instruction. The methods were: (1) a Directed Reading-Thinking Activity…