The basic tenet of Programed Instruction (PI), that learning occurs best when knowledge is imparted in small increments, appears to apply to associative rather than deductive process. One may best learn definitions via association, and best learn inference via unified understandings. This hypothesis was tested by structuring two modes of…

A report of experimentation in three programs in the teaching of English, under the direction of the Danish Institute for Educational Research is presented. Six schools in the county of Holbaek (50 pupils from each school) participated in one program, the object of which was to find the optimum age level at which to begin the teaching of English.…

Programed instruction can be applied fruitfully in teaching about music within and outside Western culture. The content of such study could include cognitive material, such as the social role of music in various cultures, the history of music, the visual identification of instruments, and perhaps notational skills; performance skills, dealing with…

In a review of over 25 empirical investigations of effects of communicating behavioral objectives to students, several trends were apparent. Advance knowledge of behavioral objectives led to improved posttest performance in five of ten studies and to improved retention in two of three instances. Only two of seven studies found an interaction…

No single approach to teaching writing can suit the compositional styles and habits of all students in a class.

Reviews the relationships of maturational factors and instructional approaches with learning disability in children. (MS)

Examines the movement in Britain toward mixed-sex grouping in physical education classes. Discusses several problems that mixed-sex grouping causes, such as how teaching should be approached, what activities are suitable for whom, and when and how students should be organized and assessed. Notes the negative impact mixed-sex grouping can have on…

Comparing requires individuals to examine and then identify how two or more things are similar and different. Procedures that teachers can use to help students learn to process information comparatively are provided. Emphasis is given to the appropriate language and vocabulary for expressing differences and similarities. (RM)

High school students (N=44) participated in traditional and computer-assisted career exploration. Results indicated no differences in career exploratory behaviors or options selected. Students did, however, favor the computer-assisted treatment. No sex differences were found. (BL)

By reading literature about wars, secondary students can learn about the values of different cultures and societies. Teaching approaches are suggested, and specific titles are discussed. (RM)

This collection, reprinted from the "Harvard Educational Review," is designed to help educators understand how the changing demographics of the college and university students in this country have complicated the manner in which higher education institutions think about what it means to teach in racially diverse classrooms. Part 1, "Racial and…

While gender differences in mathematics achievement and attitudes overall have been declining during the past two decades, there still exists a disparity in advanced mathematics achievement and upper-level mathematics course-taking patterns that contributes to fewer females than males choosing professions in math, science, and technology fields.…