Intended to help freshman composition teachers develop productive audience strategy in their students, this paper explores useful and functional techniques elicited from expert writers to facilitate the generation of internal audiences for the typical college student in a required writing class. The paper encourages small-group peer discussion to…

This paper presents practical classroom activities for teaching narrative/descriptive writing based on approaches to writing instruction that research indicates are powerfully effective, and discusses principles upon which effective and exciting instruction can be designed. The paper gives a brief overview of what research in the teaching of…

Preliminary findings are reported from a study examining changes in preschool-aged child communication skill occurring when parents were trained to apply one of two procedures: milieu teaching and responsive-interactive teaching. Three families participated in milieu language training in which the adult uses naturally occurring situations as…

It is proposed that a general communicative second language syllabus can be adapted for the specific requirements of a second language reading model. This is demonstrated with one model by filling the content, product, and process dimensions with reading-specific elements. Content consists of text type of form (novel, news story, report, etc.),…

In its report "Becoming a Nation of Readers," the Commission on Reading defines reading as the process of constructing meaning from written texts, a view of reading that makes the use of strategies seem probable. If a book is a source of partial information, and readers are supposed to use knowledge they already possess to determine the…

Using W. Brockriede's model of constructs, experience, and argument, this paper shows how teacher-student communication can be enhanced through the application of the principles of rhetoric. Following a brief introduction, the first part of the paper deals with the centrality of rhetoric to the education process, then discusses rhetoric as method.…

This paper describes the creation and implementation of a faculty development system at California State University at Chico which uses the "guided design" approach for teacher improvement. Following a discussion of previous faculty development efforts at Chico, a history of the guided design project is presented, and the sequence of…

This report discusses the particular problems in the education of black children, focusing on: (1) understanding the societal and psycho-cultural perspective of blacks; (2) providing for excellence in the education of blacks through a conceptual framework; (3) programs that made a difference in the performance of black students; (4) implementation…

Growing Thinkers is a teacher in-service program, designed and instituted in the Houston (Texas) Independent School District, which focuses on the development of higher-order thinking abilities. The three overall goals of the program are: (1) to recognize and further develop excellence in teaching; (2) to enhance the development of higher-order…

Independent reading can serve as a practical context for linking vocabulary and comprehension and is a feasible strategy that complements other instructional approaches while it expands word knowledge in a naturalistic setting. Teachers should serve as reading models while students engage in silent reading, but teachers should also be cautious…

Through specific practices in methods classes, prospective teachers can be taught the benefits of professional activism. One such strategy is to provide students with complimentary copies of "Language Arts" and ask them to read two or three articles that especially interest them. Another strategy asks students to read, select, and submit one or…

A group of American and Japanese psychologists, anthropologists, linguists, and computer scientists gathered at the University of California, San Diego, to exchange ideas on models of joint problem solving and their special relevance to the design and implementation of computer-based systems of instruction. Much of the discussion focused on…

The effects of instructional interactions on preservice teachers' perceptions of teacher-student roles form their ideals of what teachers and students are supposed to do and, ultimately, what they as teachers will expect and do. The mode of instruction that predominates in the large college class tends to be lecturing, with a minimum amount of…

Research projects needed in invitational education will vary according to the concept of invitational education held. Three paradigms for invitational education are presented, with research projects suggested for each. First, for those who see invitational education as an "integrative setting," it is suggested that the development of…

Successful speech should rest not on prepared notes and outlines but on genuine oral discourse based on "data" fed into the "software" in the computer which already exists within each person. Writing cannot speak for itself, nor can it continually adjust itself to accommodate diverse response. Moreover, no matter how skillfully…