This guide defines the basic competencies in reasoning and describes how to incorporate them into the educational program at all grade levels. Reasoning is the ability to approach day-to-day problems with intelligent decision-making skills. It is important for students to begin developing reasoning skills at an early age and in all subject areas.…

Presented is a report on a course for undergraduate students which is designed to increase their intellectual abilities early in their college careers. The report gives the characteristics of concrete thought and formal reasoning, followed by an explanation of the process involved in data collecting and the data itself. The authors suggest that…

RESEARCH IDENTIFIED CHARACTERISTICS OF EFFECTIVE GIRL SCOUT VOLUNTEER TRAINERS AND DEVELOPED CRITERIA FOR DETERMINING EFFECTIVENESS. TWELVE PROBLEM SITUATIONS, SECURED THROUGH A CRITICAL INCIDENT TECHNIQUE, TESTED EVALUATIVE JUDGMENT AND WERE SCORED FOR PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION. FORCED CHOICE QUESTIONS TESTED CONTENT VERSUS GROUP ORIENTATION.…

The document explains how to develop learning package activities. Learning packages are self-instructional and self-paced learning systems that enable a learner to achieve objectives by becoming involved in individually selected activities. The document is presented in three sections. Section I introduces the rationale behind learning packages and…

This environmental education teacher's guide focuses on the "built environment" or everything people have imposed on the natural physical environment. The guide provides objectives and a broad definition of environmental education, sample activities, suggestions for local consultants and resources, and an annotated list of both printed and…

To help preservice and inservice social studies teachers develop systematic ways of integrating skills and content, this manual offers a model and simple instructional exercises for the diagnostic teaching of how to investigate a cartoon. Designed mainly for use with children in grades 4-6, the material is adaptable for use at other grade levels.…

This study investigates the cognitive nature of teacher-pupil questions in "process oriented" and "content oriented" secondary social studies programs. Subjects were five classes selected from a program viewed by both teachers and pupils as process-oriented; five from a program viewed by both teachers and pupils as content…

Within a setting of dynamic rather than static knowledge, the academic structuring of disciplines begins to lose meaning. Interdisciplinary courses are one result of this perception of knowledge. A polydisciplinary approach, however, would be a more accurate construct of reality. Given the following four aspects of a polydisciplinary approach to…

The field of conflict resolution in the social studies curricula is considered in this paper. The author presents a repertoire of creative and peaceful conflict resolution approaches in a copyrighted appendix. Techniques are described and contrasts are drawn with current social studies curricula. Some of the effects of teaching part of the…

This is the first of seven resource units which constitute a twelfth grade course on value conflicts and policy decisions. The topic of this unit is how we can preserve our security without sacrificing essential freedom. Introductory notes explain the unit format and discuss teaching strategies. Objectives for the unit are listed as they relate to…

This book focuses on two issues: the realization of individual potential and the replacement of narrow specialization in human service institutions by a more general capability. This focus takes into special consideration the position of the elderly. Many questions are raised by these two unresolved basic issues reflected throughout this volume.…

Designed to be of practical assistance to those interested in improving their abilities for group discussion leadership and participation and their knowledge of learning-discussion groups, this book is organized so that the first seven chapters are concerned with theory and the last seven concern practical application. The chapter titles are as…

A discussion providing a background sketch of theories and research specifically about, or pertaining to, the subject of knowledge utilization in the public education system in the United States is presented. The problem is defined as the question of how and why existing information comes to be considered "useful" by practitioners and how it is…

During the 1963-64 school year, a secondary teacher from the rurally isolated area of Silverton, Colorado initiated an individualized program in problem solving for a senior social studies class (N=8-10). Utilizing community resources, the instructor planned several units on government, while the students selected resource materials from the…

The coauthor and developer of Logo (a computer programming language for children) describes (1) the changes in his responses to debates about computers in education, (2) some of the uses of the new LogoWriter in the classroom, and (3) how one fifth-grade class used LogoWriter in a biology unit. (IW)