The underrepresentation of female leaders in intercollegiate athletics has long been a problem since the implementation of Title IX in 1972. While Title IX was successful in increasing the number of females participating in college sports, it was not as impactful on increasing the number of females leading in college sports. On the contrary, as…

This study builds on previous research and policy that view teen sports as an educational tool and public health asset. The results highlighted that school-based athletics continued to be the most popular activity provided by high schools in the U.S. and was the only school-based extracurricular activity that showed an increase in participation…

This study examined the effects of participation in intercollegiate athletics on leadership development using a multi-institutional, longitudinal sample of students at four-year institutions. Using Astin's (1993) Input-Environment-Outcome model, we examined whether athletic participation influenced leadership development using the Socially…

Beyond heightened academic requirements, student athletes face a multitude of tasks including weight training, practice, film review, and travel for competition. This makes the student's life complex. As student athletes progress through their educational experience, they experience higher structured time demands in regard to their sport…

There are currently mixed findings on the social and academic benefits of youth participation in school sponsored sports, such as football. While some research suggests positive outcomes through increased sense of school belongingness, other studies link participation in football to increased delinquent behavior. Social control theory informed the…

This first-of-its-kind report on gender and high school sports participation, "Progress Without Equity: The Provision of High School Athletic Opportunity in the United States, by Gender 1993-94 through 2005-06," flows from an analysis of high schools that is unprecedented in its national and historical scope. It uses merged data from the Civil…

Interscholastic sports programs in the U.S. face increasing pressures from the pervasiveness of sport in American life. A combination of commercialism and professionalism has become a powerful force undermining the wholesome nature of amateur athletic programs in the local secondary schools of America. But the seductions of commercialism and…

One in six high school football players in the United States will sustain a concussion at some point during their playing career. The consequences of concussion can be catastrophic, especially since the symptoms are rarely visible and often overlooked. To ensure the safety of athletes in youth and interscholastic sports programs, having Certified…

The Wisconsin Interscholastic Athletic Association is the governing body for high school athletics in the State of Wisconsin. For some time they have been concerned with the growing perception that there is recruitment occurring in varsity basketball within its member schools. The purpose of this mixed methods study was to determine what, if any,…

Lacrosse has been the fastest growing team sport at the interscholastic athletic level for the past 10 years according to the National Federation of State High School Associations (NFHS). As a result, many physical educators are branching out from their traditional team sport units and teaching lacrosse in their classrooms. They are exposing…

This book, originally published in 1989, is intended as an indictment of corruption in college football. Now reissued, the book has new forewords by Murray Sperber, a professor at Indiana University, and Richard Warch, president of Lawrence University in Wisconsin. The book also has an afterword by the author which reviews some of the major…

Historically, males have almost exclusively controlled sport (Cashmore, 2000). While this control has been evident on the playing field (Sage, 1998) and in the media's coverage of sport (Kinkema & Harris, 1998), it has also been prevalent in all levels of administration positions in sport (Coakley, 2001). In intercollegiate athletics, the…

Job announcements often work to either encourage or discourage prospective applicants. The purpose of this investigation was to determine if gender bias existed within the job announcements for interscholastic athletic administrators. The study's results revealed that over a two-year period there were 301 advertisements for positions in the state…

The National Association for Girls and Women in Sport (NAGWS) Volleyball Rules, are based on the United States Volleyball Rules, which in turn are adopted from the rules and interpretations of the International Volleyball Federation Rules. Following a foreword by Doris Hardy, NAGWS President, the publication is organized into five sections as…

The National Association for Girls and Women in Sport (NAGWS) Volleyball Rules are based on the United States Volleyball Rules, which in turn are adopted from the rules and interpretations of the International Volleyball Federation Rules. Following a foreword by Robertha Abney, NAGWS President, the publication is organized into six sections as…