Three approaches to technology transfer are described: passive, stimulative, and active. A condition for successful technology transfer to small- and medium-sized industry is the availability of "receivers" in the industries. Stimulating young engineers to start their own small company can affect technology transfer positively. (MSE)

The role of industry in the planning and management of research is discussed. It is suggested that university research should be ahead of industry and industry should not try to influence academic programs in the basic sciences. (Author/SF)

Two questions are considered: "How do results of university research find their way into societal improvements?" and "What might enhance the flow and use of results of university research?" Perspectives of government sponsorship, institutional management, and institutional conservation are considered, as well as findings from studies of…

The problem of having two "cultures" (the scientific and the literary) that do not communicate with each other, resulting in difficulty in adapting to the scientific revolution, is discussed. Another gap in society is identified: universities are sources of innovative ideas, but society does not exploit them. (Author/MLW)

Organizational aspects and implementation of Switzerland's national research program that promote goal-oriented research in the service of the general public are described. The Federal Council of Switzerland decides on the topics to be researched and the National Fund is responsible for carrying out the programs. (Author/SF)

The transfer of technology from universities to industry is discussed. Increasingly universities are being considered as elements in industrial development. How universities should fulfill this role and forms of transfer mechanisms are examined, including university administrations, and nonprofit or commercial interface organizations. (Author/SF)

Results of a survey of Amsterdam-area industries concerning university-industry cooperation and technology transfer are reported. Industries prefer R&D and consulting and indicate great interest in what the universities can offer in such relationships. However, they feel universities should initiate contact. Further cooperative strategies are…

The report filed by senior European university administrators after their visit to U.S. universities examines the movement toward entrepreneurialism and the related issues of administrative organization and change, planning and financial management, client relations, delivery systems, technology transfer, government-school relations, and the…

Various forms of technology transfer in Europe and North America are discussed including research contracts, cooperative research centers, and personnel transfer. Examples of approaches to technology transfer are given and the establishment of personnel transfer is discussed. Preconditions for successful technology transfer in the future are…