The open science literature has focused on ways to increase the openness of research data at universities, while links with industry in the context of open innovation have received less attention. The aim of this article is to increase understanding of how open science can lead to open innovation. The key research questions are the following: How…

Knowledge transfer between employees is a primary concern in organizations. Employees create or acquire content that partially represents knowledge. These knowledge elements are specific to the context in and for which they are created and rarely address the learning needs of other employees in other work situations. Organizations therefore need…

Effective science delivery to practitioners can improve recreation experiences and environmental educational outcomes. This project explored U.S. Department of Agriculture-Forest Service recreation personnel's research-based information sources, constraints to access and use of research, and opinions about how to improve science delivery to…

This issue of FOCUS presents a framework for integrating two distinct processes: knowledge translation (KT) and technology transfer (TT). The integration permits stakeholders involved in technology-based research and development activities to identify and coordinate their respective roles, and to optimize the eventual use of research by industry…

This guide defines diffusion as the process by which a program or technique is transferred from the site where it was developed to another site. Effective diffusion is based on an understanding of how people and organizations can be helped to change as well as how programs are implemented. It is preceded by a carefully planned transition from…

Although most schools cannot afford the hardware for interactive videodisc systems (including the videodisc player, microcomputer, and interface), more severe problems are those of training teachers to use videodiscs and combatting their reluctance. Videodisc use in schools, however, is on the horizon. (JW)

In a recently published article, it was suggested that program evaluation in teacher education is unsophisticated and poorly conducted. Arguments are presented to show that the article presents a limited view of program evaluation efforts being conducted in schools of education. (JN)

This guide describes a strategy for implementing new training products in operational units of the United States Army. Its purpose is to help the training developer ensure that units use and sustain new products once they are introduced. An introduction discusses the need for this guide, its benefits, and the organization of the guide. The guide…

Various notions about the obstacles to, and the conditions needed for, school districts' linking of externally mandated testing and evaluation with instruction are discussed. Two major points are made, the first being that evaluation and testing communities must attend to the needs of administrators and teachers as they are manifest in the…

Although the military is willing to share information technology with civilian schools--the interactive videodisc being an example of such cooperation--problems such as lack of money and scarcity of appropriate programs intervene to slow the dissemination of technology. (JW)

The author discusses issues of the information age that relate to education. Topics discussed include (1) illiteracy, (2) information organization and use, and (3) preservation of a common means of communication. (CH)

This paper describes the purpose of a national information policy in general, the process that led to the formation of such a policy in Zambia, and the requirements for its successful implementation. Particular attention is paid to the concept of information marketing. It is argued that such a concept would be an implementation requirement if…

A "communication system" paradigm for dissemination of appropriate knowledge, information, and technology needed for effective rural development is briefly described. The paradigm describes six categories of interrelated functions, activities, and processes: (1) scientific knowledge production by carrying out basic and applied research; (2)…

Provides an overview of knowledge utilization, what it encompasses, and its three waves of activity in America. Basic principles and strategies to consider are listed, and an example of how knowledge utilization is applied by the Center for Mental Health Services is given. (17 references) (EA)

Outlines the Commission of the European Community's policy and actions for the dissemination and exploitation of the results of its research and technological development programs. Technology transfer as a basic ingredient for innovation is discussed, and the importance of understanding intellectual property protection is stressed. (Contains seven…