Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) tools have been increasingly utilised in the production of educational media, including animated educational videos (AEVs) incorporating pedagogical agents (PAs). These tools support the efficient creation of multimedia content and reduce teachers' technical workload. Objectives: This study investigates the…

Background: Wildfires have become increasingly frequent and destructive, highlighting the need for more effective public education on safety and preparedness. Gamification, the use of game design elements in non-game contexts, offers a promising strategy to enhance learner engagement and educational effectiveness compared to traditional methods.…

Background: With the rapid popularization of e-learning, how to improve online learning has aroused widespread concern. A human-like pedagogical agent (PA) that displays eye gaze and gestures, is often added to online multimedia lessons to increase social connection and improve learning in e-learning environments. However, there has been a debate…

This study focuses on the investigation of the effects of computer simulation and animation (CSA) on students' cognitive processes in an undergraduate engineering course. The revised Bloom's taxonomy, which consists of six categories in the cognitive process domain, was employed in this study. Five of the six categories were investigated,…