The goal of this qualitative study was to answer the question: How do educators make sense of learning in virtual reality? This study utilized multimedia learning theory and cognitive load theory to explore how educators understand virtual reality in education. Pre- and post-interviews as well as a VR experience were conducted with 13 educators…

Given the many opportunities for technology use in education nowadays (e.g., Large language models, explainer videos, digital quizzing), teachers should know and rely on evidence-based answers to questions about when, how, and why technology-augmented instruction helps or hinders learning. To date, finding these answers requires integrating…

The advancement of AI-generated content (AIGC) has made creating pedagogical agents (PAs) for multimedia learning increasingly realistic, simpler, and more efficient. However, little is known about the acceptance of AI-generated pedagogical agents (AIPAs) in picture book videos among young children aged 3-6. To address this, the present study…

By using information technology, science learning can be widely disseminated, including, for example, to rural schools. However, the implementation of inquiry-based science learning with action-to-ground science concepts for rural learners needs to be explored. To address this purpose, the present study adopted "live stream" technology…

This article proposes a novel conceptual framework that integrates Artificial Intelligence (AI) with Cognitive Load Theory (CLT) and the Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning (CTML) to enhance Open Distance eLearning (ODeL) systems. By bridging the gap between traditional cognitive theories and cutting-edge AI technologies, this framework…

Learner control of video presentations by using pause buttons or timeline scrollbars was suggested as helpful for learning from sources of transient information such as dynamic visualizations and spoken words. However, effective learner control could be difficult to attain without sufficient instructional support. This study developed strategies…

Background: Previous work has identified that the benefits of learning with videogames and learning from simulations. However, recent meta-analytic work has also identified that little research directly compares learning with videogames and learning with simulations. Objectives: This study examines two learning technologies and their corresponding…

This article reviews contemporary research on multimedia learning that uses cognitive load theory as the major theoretical framework. In particular, we address the extent to which working memory has been conceptualized and measured in this research, what kind of subjective measures of cognitive load have been used and whether such measures are…

The use of subtitles within multimedia presentations is a common practice to develop accessible instructional materials for individuals with disabilities. However, due to various deficits in cognitive processing, individuals with symptoms of attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may not benefit from the use of subtitles to enhance their…

Multimedia students' dependence on information from the outside world can have an impact on their ability to identify and locate information from multiple resources in learning environments and thereby affect the construction of mental models. Field dependence-independence has been used to assess the ability to extract essential information from…

This study tested the proposition that the Augmented Reality Sandbox's (ARS) user-interaction from tactile sensory feedback and a realistic 3D perspective improved topographic map comprehension among novice users with reduced cognitive load compared to the same instruction and practice from a 2D topographic map. Undergraduate students were…

The use of video has become well established in education, from traditional courses to blended and online courses. It has grown both in its diversity of applications as well as its content. Such educational video however is not fully accessible to all students, particularly those who require additional visual support or students studying in a…

Learning by example is nothing new to the education landscape. Research into think-aloud protocols, though often used as a form of assessment rather than instruction, provided practical, content-specific literacy strategies for crafting the instructional intervention in this study. Additionally, research into worked examples--from the earliest…

The support of technological resources in teaching and learning has contributed to make them more efficient and enjoyable. Through this support has become quite common to use media resources before explored only for entertainment for educational purposes, among them the TV. The interactive Digital TV (iDTV) provides resources that make possible…

This chapter examines the various cognitive tools embedded in a multimedia-enriched PBL environment for middle school science known as "Alien Rescue" and shares the research findings of the use of these cognitive tools in assisting young learners' problem solving. The goal of this chapter is to illustrate strategies for designing…