Technology is in a constantly evolving and changing structure since the existence of mankind. Because of this dynamic structure, technology fulfills a number of functions such as facilitating people's lives, time, profit from work, profit from cost, making life more enjoyable. At the same time, technology is used in all areas of life, and it also…

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have unique characteristics which constrain them; including small energy stores, limited computation, and short range communication capability. Most traditional security algorithms use cryptographic primitives such as Public-key cryptography and are not optimized for energy usage. Employing these algorithms for the…

The pervasive use of communication technology in schools and universities requires increased security to safeguard information confidentiality, integrity, availability, utility, and authenticity. This article, the first of two, examines procedures for implementing security policy, techniques for minimizing vulnerability, and techniques for…