The purpose of the study was to develop the Teachers' Mental Toughness Questionnaire (TMTQ). The questionnaire was developed in six stages: item generation, content validity, exploratory factor analysis, reliability tests, convergent validity tests, and discriminant validity. The factor analysis indicates that it measures six factors: team,…

Background: Given the significant gap in tailored assessment tools, this research seeks to adapt the Self-concept (Form 5-AF5) questionnaire for young students with intellectual disabilities, employing an inclusive approach. Method: Twenty-three disability experts initially assessed questionnaire suitability, leading to revisions for clarity.…

Leading a school during the uncertainties of challenges, changes, and crises requires school principals to respond and react effectively, cohesively and proactively using resilience. Rather than using discrete contracts or dimensions to measure principal resilience, this paper tended to develop and validate a multidimensional instrument of…

This study describes the development of the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) Scale, intended to assess parental attitudes toward school programs designed to deliver STEM, and evaluates its psychometric properties. The study group included 400 parents of students (138 males and 262 females) enrolled in STEM programs…

Research capability is one of the essential capabilities of scholars for effectively conducting their work. Yet current research lacks a structured exploration and measurement scale for Chinese scholars on this matter. In the Chinese research context, this study conducted two questionnaires based on the Research Self-Efficacy Scale (RSES) among…

Considering the crucial role of education in offering mitigation and adaptation strategies for climate change, there is a clear need for objective tools to assess its impact on the understanding of the issue among secondary school students. This paper describes the methodological design used to build and validate an instrument that explores…

In this study, an attempt was made to develop a valid and reliable measurement tool to determine teachers' self-efficacy levels for teaching metacognitive listening strategies. The study group consisted of 205 teachers for EFA and 248 teachers for CFA. As a result of the analyzes, a scale consisting of 16 items with 4 factors was developed. It was…

Stress is a complex construct that is related to resilience and general health starting in childhood. Despite its importance for student health and well-being, there are few measures of stress designed for school-based applications. In this study, we developed and initially validated a Stress Indicators Scale using five samples of teachers,…

The study aimed to develop and validate a tool that assessed students' foundational movement skills, for primary school teachers. The playground circuit, including 14 movement skills (e.g. functional, locomotor and object control), was developed through insights and recommendations from teachers (n = 36) and academic experts (n = 25). To validate…

Higher education institutions need to develop valid, fair, and objective selection methods. Current literature reporting the development and validation of new national large-scale selection tests is scarce. This two-phased study aimed to (1) develop and (2) evaluate the validity of the Finnish digital Universities of Applied Sciences Entrance…

The purpose of this study is to develop a self-awareness tool for teachers to help them in identification, and support the gifted and talented students in educational settings via more accurate nominations by educators. The Gifted Identification Inventory for Teacher Awareness (GIIFTA) was developed via fourth stages of writing essay (n = 5),…

Over the years, gamification has played an important role in English education. Despite the promising results, there is a scarcity of research on gamified English teaching. Additionally, most studies addressing this topic used tools with problematic validity, posing challenges in interpreting their findings. Therefore, the objectives were to…

The rapid shift to online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the need to equip future educators with essential skills for an online learning environment. This study aims to address this gap by developing and validating a scale to measure pre-service teacher competency in an online learning context using the scenario method. After a…

The aim of this study was to develop an instrument for assessing sixth-grade students' number sense skills in fractions and decimals. This study was conducted on 452 sixth graders (10-11 years old) from the western region of Turkey. The construct validity of the number sense test (NST) was examined via exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and…

Wide agreement exists about the value and power of learning in social contexts, and social influences on learning have been studied from multiple perspectives. However, before this study, no known measure of the value of learning that happens in social spaces had been developed. This study introduces a scale to measure value created through…