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Livingston, Samuel A. – Educational Testing Service, 2020
This booklet is a conceptual introduction to item response theory (IRT), which many large-scale testing programs use for constructing and scoring their tests. Although IRT is essentially mathematical, the approach here is nonmathematical, in order to serve as an introduction on the topic for people who want to understand why IRT is used and what…
Descriptors: Item Response Theory, Scoring, Test Items, Scaling