This article reports on the development and initial validation of the Intention to Use Technology-enabled Learning (I-TEL) Scale. Data from 313 preservice teachers were used to examine the instrument's psychometric properties. Principal axis factoring (PAF) indicated a five-factor structure consisting of 22 items. The scale, as well as the…

K-12 educators' digital literacy skills have been designated as a national and state priority by education and accreditation agencies in Texas, resulting in the need for curriculum alignments to the 2017 ISTE Standards for Educators and implementation of a digital literacy evaluation. The purpose of this validation study was to develop a…

This study sought to identify factors that affect teachers' beliefs about teaching computing in their classrooms. By reviewing existing scales and research on computing, we created the Teacher Beliefs about Coding and Computational Thinking (TBaCCT) scale. Through confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling we validated the scale…

The integration of technology into science teaching by pre-service science teachers and their self-efficacy in using technology in their teaching practices are important issues for science education. The purpose of this study is to develop an Educational Robotics Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (ER-TPACK) self-efficacy scale based on a…

Although studies investigating online learning and teaching have proliferated recently, one area that has been underexplored is foreign language teachers' readiness to incorporate the flipped classroom into their repertoire at the K-12 level. Accordingly, the present study aims to provide an instrument to assess K-12 foreign language teachers'…

The impetus for this paper stems from a concern about directions and progress in the measurement of the Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) framework for effective technology integration. In this paper, we develop the rationale for using a seven-criterion lens, based upon contemporary validity theory, for critiquing empirical…

Within the realm of teaching middle and high school mathematics, the ability to teach mathematics effectively using various forms of technology is now more important than ever, as expressed by the recent development of the Common Core State Standards for Mathematical Practice. This article presents the development process and the results from 15…

This article provides an overview of the development and validation of the Student Tool for Technology Literacy (ST[superscript 2]L). Developing valid and reliable objective performance measures for monitoring technology literacy is important to all organizations charged with equipping students with the technology skills needed to successfully…

Based in Shulman's idea of Pedagogical Content Knowledge, Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) has emerged as a useful frame for describing and understanding the goals for technology use in preservice teacher education. This paper addresses the need for a survey instrument designed to assess TPACK for preservice teachers. The paper…