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Zhao, Cecilia Guanfang; Liu, Carina Jiayu – Language Testing, 2019
Celpe-Bras, is the exam for the certification of proficiency in Portuguese as a foreign language. It, is the only Portuguese proficiency test recognized by the Brazilian government (Ministério da Educação, 2013). Given the recent growth of interest and also its unique design as a large-scale proficiency test, this article provides a general…
Descriptors: Portuguese, Second Language Learning, Language Proficiency, Language Tests

Elder, Cathie – Language Testing, 1997
Examines bias in Australian school examinations as it affects learners of languages other than English from different primary language backgrounds. Argues that the determination of whether tests are biased depends on how the test construct is defined and on whom is defining it. This issue is discussed within the context of a plan to compensate…
Descriptors: Context Effect, Foreign Countries, Immigrants, Language Tests