This paper examines programs of course credit by examination in American higher education. After a brief sketch of the credit-hour system, various programs in actual operation are described. The ensuing analysis focuses on the following issues: appropriateness of various subject-matters to programs of credit by examination; attitudes towards…

The use of a variety of specific competency tests that measure skill achievement required for high school graduation are reviewed in this monograph. The successful performance of certain competencies ordinarily is viewed as an important adjunct of course work. They are not seen by most schools as a replacement for course work, but rather as one…