Purpose: Grounded in the expectancy-value theory framework, the purpose of this study was to develop and identify the psychometric properties of the Teaching Motivation in Physical Education Questionnaire. Methods: The process included testing content validity with experts (n = 16), construct validity and measurement invariance using factor…

Grit--"perseverance and passion for long-term goals" (Duckworth, Peterson, Matthews, & Kelly, 2007, p. 1087)--has attracted the attention of researchers in fields ranging from psychology to business to education (e.g., Robertson-Kraft & Duckworth, 2014; Robins, 2019). Continuing the line of research that explores the domain…

Bias Awareness is understood as individual differences in people's sensitivity to and concerns about their expressions of subtle bias. In 2015, Perry et al. developed a scale to measure the awareness and concern of one's own subtle bias (Bias Awareness Scale, BAS). The present research aims to test the validity of a German adaptation of the Bias…

The aim of this research is to develop a reliable and valid scale to determine the mathematical thinking skills of gifted students. In addition, with the developed scale, thinking skills of gifted students was examined in terms of various variables. In this context, the research was carried out on two different study groups. The first stage of…

Academic grit can be a student's rock-solid confidence to maintain focus and go on learning despite obstacles in the way of achieving their long-term goals. This investigation into points to develop an academic grit scale and determine the variables that underlie students' academic grit will help to construct a significant and reliable tool for…

Processing speed is a component of general intelligence and an indicator of learning potential. There is a need for robust measures of mental speed based on contemporary theoretical developments. The current study addressed this need by proposing a mental speed test for children aged 60 to 96 months (5 to 8 years) and examining its psychometric…

Digital competence development in basic education is essential. The main purpose of this study was to measure the levels of digital competencies among students in four areas using a digital competency questionnaire to improve the effectiveness of digital management in basic education. The authors used the digital competence questionnaire for…

Assessment and monitoring of safety in special education schools is imperative to establish and maintain a safe environment in which students can develop academic and social-emotional skills. The present study describes the development of a student self-report measure, the Safe at School questionnaire. Factorial validity, reliability and…

Motivation for reading is important to comprehension and has been studied extensively in offline reading contexts. However, little is known about the role of motivation in online reading, a new and increasingly important context for reading, largely because of a lack of valid and reliable instruments to estimate a student's motivation for online…

Parental monitoring (PM) is a key construct in research on children's well-being and healthy development referring to the attention parents pay to their children's activities and whereabouts. However, existing literature suggests that the psychometric properties of its measurement tools are still perfect. For this study, a revised Italian parental…

Scientific research is vital for student's education, fostering critical thinking, problem-solving skills, and deepening subject knowledge. To assess students' attitudes towards research, the attitude towards research scale was developed (EACIN). This study addresses three gaps regarding this instrument: inconsistent latent structure, lack of…

The purpose of this research is to develop a valid and reliable "Innovative School Leadership Scale" and examine the innovation level of school principals. Within the scope of the research, an "Innovative School Leadership Scale" with 28 items was developed. In the trial application, 197 teachers were reached, and 523 teachers…

School bonding refers to the connections that students have with their schools and with various aspects of their academic environments, with an emphasis on close affective relationships and investment in doing well at school. The Perception of School Social Bonding (PSSB) instrument is a 10-item, self-report instrument with 3 subscales measuring…

Preliminary evidence from the Childhood Joint Attention Rating Scale (C-JARS; Mundy et al., 2017) suggests symptoms related to diminished joint attention and the spontaneous sharing of experience with others can be assessed with a parent-report measure in children and adolescents with autism. This study was designed to expand on the previous study…

The present study aims to validate the Flourishing Scale (FS) in a convenience sample of 233 special education teachers. The FS's psychometric properties were investigated using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). EFA had a one-factor solution that explained 49.9% of the variance, a Cronbach's alpha internal…