ERIC Number: EJ1425083
Record Type: Journal
Publication Date: 2024-Jun
Pages: 8
Abstractor: As Provided
ISBN: N/A
ISSN: ISSN-0731-1745
EISSN: EISSN-1745-3992
Available Date: N/A
Revisiting the Usage of Alpha in Scale Evaluation: Effects of Scale Length and Sample Size
Leifeng Xiao; Kit-Tai Hau; Melissa Dan Wang
Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice, v43 n2 p74-81 2024
Short scales are time-efficient for participants and cost-effective in research. However, researchers often mistakenly expect short scales to have the same reliability as long ones without considering the effect of scale length. We argue that applying a universal benchmark for alpha is problematic as the impact of low-quality items is greater on shorter scales. In this study, we proposed simple guidelines for item reduction using the "alpha-if-item-deleted" procedure in scale construction. An item can be removed if alpha increases or decreases by less than 0.02, especially for short scales. Conversely, an item should be retained if alpha decreases by more than 0.04 upon its removal. For reliability benchmarks, 0.80 is relatively safe in most conditions, but higher benchmarks are recommended for longer scales and smaller sample sizes. Supplementary analyses, including item content, face validity, and content coverage, are critical to ensure scale quality.
Descriptors: Measurement, Benchmarking, Item Sampling, Sample Size, Research Methodology, Guidelines, Test Construction
Wiley. Available from: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030. Tel: 800-835-6770; e-mail: cs-journals@wiley.com; Web site: https://www.wiley.com/en-us
Publication Type: Journal Articles; Reports - Research
Education Level: N/A
Audience: N/A
Language: English
Sponsor: N/A
Authoring Institution: N/A
Grant or Contract Numbers: N/A
Author Affiliations: N/A