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Item Position Effects in Listening but Not in Reading in the European Survey of Language Competences
Peer reviewed
Direct linkChristiansen, Andrés; Janssen, Rianne – Educational Assessment, Evaluation and Accountability, 2021
In contrast with the assumptions made in standard measurement models used in large-scale assessments, students' performance may change during the test administration. This change can be modeled as a function of item position in case of a test booklet design with item-order manipulations. The present study used an explanatory item response theory…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Surveys, Measures (Individuals), Language Skills
Holzknecht, Franz; McCray, Gareth; Eberharter, Kathrin; Kremmel, Benjamin; Zehentner, Matthias; Spiby, Richard; Dunlea, Jamie – Language Testing, 2021
Studies from various disciplines have reported that spatial location of options in relation to processing order impacts the ultimate choice of the option. A large number of studies have found a primacy effect, that is, the tendency to prefer the first option. In this paper we report on evidence that position of the key in four-option…
Descriptors: Language Tests, Test Items, Multiple Choice Tests, Listening Comprehension Tests
Powers, Donald; Schedl, Mary; Papageorgiou, Spiros – Language Testing, 2017
The aim of this study was to develop, for the benefit of both test takers and test score users, enhanced "TOEFL ITP"® test score reports that go beyond the simple numerical scores that are currently reported. To do so, we applied traditional scale anchoring (proficiency scaling) to item difficulty data in order to develop performance…
Descriptors: English (Second Language), Second Language Learning, Language Proficiency, Scores
