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Download full textPowers, Donald E. – ETS Research Report Series, 2012
Special preparation for tests has been a relatively contentious issue. The controversy has entailed (a) disagreement over the effectiveness of such preparation, (b) concern over unequal access to it, and (c) worries about its impact on the validity of test scores. This paper provides a brief history of ETS's involvement with, and contribution to,…
Descriptors: Test Preparation, College Entrance Examinations, Coaching (Performance), Scores
Ling, Guangming; Powers, Donald E.; Adler, Rachel M. – ETS Research Report Series, 2014
One fundamental way to determine the validity of standardized English-language test scores is to investigate the extent to which they reflect anticipated learning effects in different English-language programs. In this study, we investigated the extent to which the "TOEFL iBT"® practice test reflects the learning effects of students at…
Descriptors: Language Tests, Second Language Learning, English (Second Language), Computer Assisted Testing
Powers, Donald E. – ETS Research Report Series, 2005
This study examined how the practice of prepublishing prompts used on the writing section of the Graduate Record Examinations® (GRE®) General Test impacts test-preparation behavior, test performance, test validity, and examinee perceptions of the value of prompt prepublication. Researchers imposed modest experimental control over how participants…
Descriptors: Essays, Prompting, Cues, Writing Tests
Powers, Donald E.; Camara, Wayne J. – College Entrance Examination Board, 1999
The relationship between coaching and subsequent performance on the SAT I is a complex issue. Overall, anecdotal reports from one or two students and even studies that gauge the effects of coaching by examining the score gains for students who have enrolled in these programs are highly misleading and will not present an accurate picture of the…
Descriptors: Coaching (Performance), Aptitude Tests, Test Preparation, Scores
Powers, Donald E.; Rock, Donald A. – College Entrance Examination Board, 1998
A College Board-sponsored survey of a nationally representative sample of takers of the 1995-96 SAT I: Reasoning Test yielded a database for more than 4,000 examinees, about 500 of whom had attended formal coaching programs outside their schools. Several alternative analytical methods were used to estimate the effects of coaching on SAT scores.…
Descriptors: College Entrance Examinations, National Surveys, Cognitive Tests, Test Preparation
Powers, Donald E. – College Entrance Examination Board, 1998
To document the extent of special test preparation for the SAT I: Reasoning Test, a stratified random sample of some 6,700 students who registered to take the SAT in 1995-96 was surveyed. A smaller companion survey sought information about special preparation programs from a stratified random sample of secondary schools whose students take the…
Descriptors: College Entrance Examinations, Test Preparation, Use Studies, Incidence
