The aim of this study was to develop and validate a psychometrically-sound instrument to assess students' perceptions about class cohesion. Two studies were conducted. In Study 1, four steps were established: (1) development of the Class Cohesion Questionnaire (CCQ); (2) item selection; (3) item compression; and (4) exploration of psychometric…

In an attempt to engage more students in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) subjects, schools are encouraged by STEM educators and professionals to introduce students to STEM through projects which integrate skills from each of the STEM disciplines. Because little is known about the learning environment of STEM classrooms, we…

Science education is a key area of research, largely due to its inherent complexity and challenges. Various teaching methods have been developed to address these difficulties, which include the consensus classroom climate. However, no standardized tool has been created to evaluate the consensus within a classroom. This study aimed to develop and…

Since classroom climate is inherently a group level phenomenon, we argue that measures shown to be valid and reliable in multi-level settings are needed. We propose a brief, 5-item measure of classroom climate and demonstrate its reliability and validity in multi-level structural equation models. The measure demonstrated good reliability and we…

Effective classroom management methods are well known, but effective ways of managing classes of beginner teachers remain elusive. Classroom management refers to the wide range of skills and techniques that teachers use to ensure that classes are conducted without destructive student behavior. The present study is applied nonexperimental research.…

This study aimed to develop and test a University Students' Perceptions of Physical Education (PE) Scale. The study was conducted in three phases in a southwestern city in China from December 2021 to October 2022. In Phase 1, an item pool was constructed based on a literature review and semi-structured interviews. In Phase 2, expert evaluations…

This study aimed to perform a scale adaptation to determine students' perceptions of a classroom learning environment. The sample of the study consisted of 337 students for exploratory factor analysis and 1,639 students for confirmatory factor analysis. The scale known as My Class Activity adapted in this study was developed by Gentry and Gable…

Based on the dichotomous classroom goal structure model and TARGET framework, this study developed and validated a new Dichotomous Classroom Goal Structure Questionnaire (DCGSQ). A total of 339 seventh-grade students in Beijing completed the two-phase survey in Study 1. Exploratory factor analysis and reliability analysis were used to assess the…

Considerable past classroom learning environment research has focused on the primary and secondary levels of education and the subject areas of science and mathematics. The current study is distinctive in its focus on university business statistics learning environments. For the first time, we validated and applied the widely-used What Is…

Research Findings: In this study, we tested whether it is possible to reliably evaluate the quality of interactions between early childhood educators and children using a thin-slice coding approach. Ninety-seven early childhood educators were videotaped for two five-minute intervals: one mealtime observation and one standardized activity. Videos…

High-quality early childhood education provides children with opportunities for engaged learning. Yet there are currently no classroom-level measures that focus specifically on how teachers support engagement in the classroom, a key underlying dimension of playful learning. We introduce the Playful Learning Across the Years (PLAY) observational…

More than a decade after two comprehensive examinations of the technical properties of the ClassMaps Survey (CMS), this study reexamined the structure and internal consistency of the scale and, for the first time, examined its measurement invariance across gender and school levels. Participants were 1,083 elementary and middle level students from…

This study aims to develop an attitude scale that will reveal preservice teachers' attitudes towards classroom as an educational environment. Two references were applied in the process of writing the items to be included in the draft form of the scale: relevant literature and students' opinions. 50 items were written in line with these two…

The What Is Happening In this Class? (WIHIC) questionnaire is a multidimensional measure for assessing the classroom learning environment based on student perspectives. The purpose of this study was to validate an Indonesian version of WIHIC and to assess the instrument's psychometric properties by using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and the…

A three-dimensional virtual world (henceforth, 3DVW) is a novel phenomenon with enormous potential as a virtual community for broadening meaningful life experiences. Previous 3DVW research, however, has not addressed the determinants that influence L2 students' expectations. The primary goal of this study was to employ a combination of exploratory…