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Sophie Litschwartz – Society for Research on Educational Effectiveness, 2021
Background/Context: Pass/fail standardized exams frequently selectively rescore failing exams and retest failing examinees. This practice distorts the test score distribution and can confuse those who do analysis on these distributions. In 2011, the Wall Street Journal showed large discontinuities in the New York City Regent test score…
Descriptors: Standardized Tests, Pass Fail Grading, Scoring Rubrics, Scoring Formulas
Schoen, Robert C.; Liu, Sicong; Yang, Xiaotong; Paek, Insu – Grantee Submission, 2017
The Early Fractions Test is a paper-pencil test designed to measure mathematics achievement of third- and fourth-grade students in the domain of fractions. The purpose, or intended use, of the Early Fractions Test is to serve as a student pretest covariate and a test of baseline equivalence in the larger study. In this report, we discuss our…
Descriptors: Mathematics Achievement, Fractions, Mathematics Tests, Grade 3
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Murphy, Daniel L.; Beretvas, S. Natasha – Applied Measurement in Education, 2015
This study examines the use of cross-classified random effects models (CCrem) and cross-classified multiple membership random effects models (CCMMrem) to model rater bias and estimate teacher effectiveness. Effect estimates are compared using CTT versus item response theory (IRT) scaling methods and three models (i.e., conventional multilevel…
Descriptors: Teacher Effectiveness, Comparative Analysis, Hierarchical Linear Modeling, Test Theory
Purves, Alan; And Others – 1990
A study examined the results of an administration of a series of theoretically based prototype tests to 857 high school students in California, New York, and Wisconsin. By revising the existing framework of a prior study, tests were devised which attempted to measure three interrelated aspects of school literature: background knowledge, the…
Descriptors: Educational Research, Educational Testing, High Schools, Literature
Boyd, Donald; Grossman, Pamela; Lankford, Hamilton; Loeb, Susanna; Wyckoff, James – National Center for Analysis of Longitudinal Data in Education Research, 2008
Value-added models in education research allow researchers to explore how a wide variety of policies and measured school inputs affect the academic performance of students. Researchers typically quantify the impacts of such interventions in terms of "effect sizes", i.e., the estimated effect of a one standard deviation change in the…
Descriptors: Credentials, Teacher Effectiveness, Models, Teacher Qualifications
Steinberg, Wendy J. – 1990
The purpose of this study was to examine the nature and degree of differences in expert versus novice knowledge structures, both before and after training, when judging the similarity of multiple-choice test items within a statistics and test theory (STT) domain. Subjects were employees of the Testing Division of the New York State Department of…
Descriptors: Adults, Cognitive Structures, Comparative Testing, Government Employees