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Direct linkLing, Guangming; Mollaun, Pamela; Xi, Xiaoming – Language Testing, 2014
The scoring of constructed responses may introduce construct-irrelevant factors to a test score and affect its validity and fairness. Fatigue is one of the factors that could negatively affect human performance in general, yet little is known about its effects on a human rater's scoring quality on constructed responses. In this study, we compared…
Descriptors: Evaluators, Fatigue (Biology), Scoring, Performance
Download full textXi, Xiaoming; Higgins, Derrick; Zechner, Klaus; Williamson, David M. – ETS Research Report Series, 2008
This report presents the results of a research and development effort for SpeechRater? Version 1.0 (v1.0), an automated scoring system for the spontaneous speech of English language learners used operationally in the Test of English as a Foreign Language™ (TOEFL®) Practice Online assessment (TPO). The report includes a summary of the validity…
Descriptors: Speech, Scoring, Scoring Rubrics, Scoring Formulas
Xi, Xiaoming – ETS Research Report Series, 2008
Although the primary use of the speaking section of the Test of English as a Foreign Language™ Internet-based test (TOEFL® iBT Speaking test) is to inform admissions decisions at English medium universities, it may also be useful as an initial screening measure for international teaching assistants (ITAs). This study provides criterion-related…
Descriptors: Test Validity, Criterion Referenced Tests, English (Second Language), Language Tests
