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Stephen L. Wright; Michael A. Jenkins-Guarnieri – Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 2024
The current study sought out to advance the Social Self-Efficacy and Social Outcome Expectations scale using multiple approaches to scale development. Data from 583 undergraduate students were used in two scale development approaches: Classic Test Theory (CTT) and Item Response Theory (IRT). Confirmatory factor analysis suggested a 2-factor…
Descriptors: Measures (Individuals), Expectation, Self Efficacy, Item Response Theory
Haberman, Shelby J. – Educational Testing Service, 2011
Alternative approaches are discussed for use of e-rater[R] to score the TOEFL iBT[R] Writing test. These approaches involve alternate criteria. In the 1st approach, the predicted variable is the expected rater score of the examinee's 2 essays. In the 2nd approach, the predicted variable is the expected rater score of 2 essay responses by the…
Descriptors: Writing Tests, Scoring, Essays, Language Tests