Students were given practical tests in which they performed mathematical tasks, and written tests covering the same material. In general students scored higher on the practical test than the written test, and there were interaction effects with the order in which the tests were given and with verbal reasoning. (SD)

Designed to investigate the performance of American Indian youth on the "Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children" (WISC) compared to the "Chicago Non-Verbal" (CNV) for the purpose of establishing validity and reliability of the measurement and appraisal tools, this study analyzed test data from 71 Indian youth (aged 11 to 15)…