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Direct linkKettler, Ryan J. – Review of Research in Education, 2015
This chapter introduces theory that undergirds the role of testing adaptations in assessment, provides examples of item modifications and testing accommodations, reviews research relevant to each, and introduces a new paradigm that incorporates opportunity to learn (OTL), academic enablers, testing adaptations, and inferences that can be made from…
Descriptors: Meta Analysis, Literature Reviews, Testing, Testing Accommodations
Elliott, Stephen N.; Davies, Michael; Kettler, Ryan J. – International Journal of Disability, Development and Education, 2012
Australian legislation and educational policies may espouse, but not yet fully enact, inclusive assessments for all. In relation to the National Assessment Program for Literacy and Numeracy (NAPLAN), for example, almost 5% of students are either exempt or withdrawn. The achievement levels of these students, many of whom have disabilities, are not…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Achievement Rating, Comparative Analysis, Comparative Education
