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Download full textByrd, Manford, Jr. – 1970
The history and development of city-wide testing programs in Chicago since 1936 are reviewed and placed in context with the impact on testing of Sputnik and the passage of the National Defense Education Act of 1958. Current testing problems include the time lag between events and curricular changes and new test construction, the time lag between…
Descriptors: Accountability, Norms, Racial Factors, Standardized Tests
Peer reviewedKazalunas, John R. – College Student Journal, 1977
This article addresses criterion-referenced vs. norm-referenced tests. Its purpose is to help the reader become acquainted with the uses, accountability, advantages, and statistical differences between these two types of tests. (Author)
Descriptors: Accountability, Criterion Referenced Tests, Elementary Secondary Education, Group Norms
Peer reviewedNoah, Harold J.; Eckstein, Max A. – Oxford Review of Education, 1989
Reports on recent changes in examination policy and practice in China, England and Wales, the Federal Republic of Germany, France, Japan, Sweden, the United States, and the Soviet Union. Identifies and discusses some significant trade-offs arising from the implementation of examination policy. Discusses four nearly universal dilemmas of…
Descriptors: Accountability, Educational Trends, Foreign Countries, National Competency Tests
