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Kettler, Ryan J. – Review of Research in Education, 2015
This chapter introduces theory that undergirds the role of testing adaptations in assessment, provides examples of item modifications and testing accommodations, reviews research relevant to each, and introduces a new paradigm that incorporates opportunity to learn (OTL), academic enablers, testing adaptations, and inferences that can be made from…
Descriptors: Meta Analysis, Literature Reviews, Testing, Testing Accommodations
Elliott, Stephen N.; Davies, Michael; Kettler, Ryan J. – International Journal of Disability, Development and Education, 2012
Australian legislation and educational policies may espouse, but not yet fully enact, inclusive assessments for all. In relation to the National Assessment Program for Literacy and Numeracy (NAPLAN), for example, almost 5% of students are either exempt or withdrawn. The achievement levels of these students, many of whom have disabilities, are not…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Achievement Rating, Comparative Analysis, Comparative Education
Davis, Josephine D. – 1986
To assist in the development of policies to eliminate the subtle inequities which inhibit the mathematics achievement of many Black youths, it is suggested that the redesign of the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) mathematics assessment study Black students' opportunity to learn mathematics. Recommendations for the redesign of…
Descriptors: Black Students, Course Selection (Students), Educational Assessment, Educational Experience

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