Examined two assumptions about the dimensionality of Rotters' Internal-External (I-E) scale: First, the bipolarity of the two statements within each item pair; second, the unidimensionality of the overall construct. Both assumptions regarding Rotters' I-E Scale were found untenable. (Author/BJG)

The equating of scores on alternate forms of different achievement tests through the use of the three-parameter latent trait model, item-response theory (IRT) equating, was compared with the results of score equatings based on conventional linear and curvilinear equating models. Ten equatings were completed for pairs of alternate forms of the…

The purposes of this paper are five-fold to discuss: (1) when item response theory (IRT) equating methods should provide better results than traditional methods; (2) which IRT model, the three-parameter logistic or the one-parameter logistic (Rasch), is the most reasonable to use; (3) what unique contributions IRT methods can offer the equating…

The paper considers problems in current assessment and evaluation practices with learning disabled students and discusses forces for change. Among the weaknesses noted are inadequate conceptual and definitional frameworks, practitioner bias, and technical inadequacies of currently used norm referenced tests. The authors outline three factors…

In studying the effectiveness of different instructional practices or programs, it is possible that an outcome measure may be biased in favor of a particular practice or program because the overlap between the test and one program is greater than for the other(s). Two basic approaches for dealing with the overlap issue are reviewed. The first…

Since at least 1897, educational researchers have reported, with great frequency, "no significant differences" with respect to studies investigating the effects on educational outcomes of various treatments, suggesting that many educational variables are relatively impotent. A possible reason for at least many of the no-difference findings may lie…

Researchers have long been aware that "pretest sensitization" is a potential threat to the external validity of experimental studies. Only recently, however, has it been suggested that "posttest sensitization" might also limit the generalizability of results. This latter phenomenon would exist to the extent that the effects of…

A self-study manual for students on coping with test-taking anxiety is presented along with a commentary by its author. The manual is designed for use in conjunction with videotapes and practice of anxiety management techniques in a computer-guided practice test-taking session. The manual is part of a program designed to provide a regularly…

Evaluated was the effect on standardized test scores of allowing six 4th grade learning disabled children to have a helper fill in the machine scored answer grid according to the child's verbal answers to the test questions. (Author/DB)

Suggests a program involving group counseling, parent and community involvement, altered testing procedures, and concrete help to permit Spanish-speaking students to function comfortably in the American culture while retaining their own indigenous cultural elements. (Author)

Indices reflecting the probability that the observed similarity between the multiple-choice test responses of two examinees was due to chance are presented. Applications are presented for apprehending cheaters and for evaluating the prevalence of this form of cheating on an examination. (Author/JKS)

Considered are limits of accuracy in the frequent administration of standardized achievement tests for deaf students. (Author/CL)

Results show that the incentive group students, as compared with the control group students, obtained significantly higher verbal, performance, and full IQ scores. This suggests that norm-referenced tests as diagnostic placement aids must be used with caution. (Author)

The author describes a valid, reliable, and inexpensive modified pull-up test capable of discriminating among subjects of low strength and endurance. (MJB)