This book explains writing effective multiple-choice test items and studying responses to items to evaluate and improve them, two topics that are very important in the development of many cognitive tests. The chapters are: (1) "Providing a Context for Multiple-Choice Testing"; (2) "Constructed-Response and Multiple-Choice Item Formats"; (3)…

Discusses how testing and tracking affect students. Argues that grouping reinforces years of discriminatory treatment in the education of black children, locking them into classroom situations in which the stigmas and hopelessness are the same or worse than in the days of separate but unequal schools. (JF)

Compares the pattern of vocational planning choices made by black and white students as measured by the Self-Directed Search, and to determine student satisfaction with test results, using a sample of 143 black and 143 white incoming freshmen. (Author/JM)

Evidence was sought to test the claim that many young children lack the abilities prerequisite to taking standardized tests and therefore, perform poorly. Curricular materials were designed and implemented in an effort to increase the test-wiseness of children unfamiliar with standardized tests. The experimental group improved significanly after…

This article emphasizes identifying for the practitioner those qualities of situations and individuals which have been shown to have major effects on performance in testing situations. Recommendations for testing practices are made, and the dangers inherent in acceptance of test results as the sole basis for personnel decisions are pointed out.…

Suggests reading comprehension exercises, especially on lower reading levels, fail to test the pupil's understanding of the material read. (MM)

Study is an attempt to evaluate what effect detailed, well-defined instructions have upon responses to a personality inventory and attitudes toward the test situation. (Authors)

The extent to which essay and objective tests measure the same or different abilities when instruction and content remain constant is investigated. (PR)

A discussion of the difficulties in testing language production in educationally subnormal children, and the development of a procedure attempting to overcome those difficulties. (RY)