Conducted two studies to examine validity of scales measuring consideration and initiating structure as basic dimensions of leader behavior. Results indicated that the factors were multidimensional and probably did not represent fundamental dimensions of leader behavior. Found relevant scales of Leader Behavior Description Questionnaire to be…

To examine faking on the Attitudes Toward Disabled Persons Scale (ATDP), undergraduates were asked to respond to ATDP, once honestly and once in a manner reflecting the most positive attitude possible. Fake scores were significantly higher than honest scores, indicating a capacity for "saying the right thing" among students not…

Reports findings of two experiments that provide support for the construct validity of the news bias categories. (FL)

This study evaluated the degree to which 102 undergraduate participants objected to questions on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) which referred to sex, religion, bladder and bowel functions, family relationships, and unusual thinking in comparision to degree of objection to length of the MMPI and repetition of questions.…

Investigated accuracy of responses to biodata questionnaire using a test-retest design and informed external observers for verification. Responses from 237 subjects and 200 observers provided evidence that many responses to biodata questionnaire were accurate. Assessed sources of inaccuracy, including social desirability effects, and noted…

Classroom measurement devices, when tailored to fit a teacher's particular instructional objectives, are essential for optimal teaching and learning. Teachers use test data to assess students' progress but often fail to analyze tests for validity. This article shows how locally and correctly developed assessment tools may serve a variety of…

The wording and structure of questionnaire items can interact with specified sample categories based on evaluation goals and respondent characteristics. The effects of the interactions can restructure samples and introduce bias into the data analysis. These effects, and suggestions for avoiding them, are demonstrated for five types of…

The common approach to studies of predictive bias is analyzed within the context of a conceptual model in which predictors and criterion measures are viewed as fallible indicators of idealized qualifications. (Author/PN)

A summary of the writing assessment programs reviewed in this journal is presented. The problems inherent in the programs are outlined. A coordinated research program on major problems in writing assessment is proposed as being beneficial and cost-effective. (DWH)

Several studies have shown that essays receive higher marks when preceded by poor quality scripts than when preceded by good quality scripts. This study investigated the effectiveness of providing scorers with model essays to reduce the influence of context. Context effects persisted despite the scoring procedures used. (Author/EGS)

Generally, this paper aims to: (1) provide clarification, quantification, and some mathematical analysis to the statistical problem of restricted range in a college admissions situation; and (2) discuss various questions related to the problem of selection strategies. (Author/PN)

After six weeks of testing college algebra students (n=84) either on recall or recognition tests, the test modes were changed without warning. Results showed that performance suffered when the test mode was changed for students anticipating a recognition test. Students anticipating a recall test did equally well in both test modes. (Author/PN)

This paper reviews the literature on assessing elderly Hispanic Americans within the current neuropsychological context. The focus is on operationalizing multicultural competency through developing awareness, acquiring knowledge, and developing skills. In the realm of developing awareness, it is important to become aware of ones own limitations,…

Multiple choice tests are widely viewed as the most effective and objective means of assessment. Item development is the central component of creating an effective test, but test developers often do not have the background in item development. This document describes recall, application, and analysis, the three cognitive levels of test items. It…

This volume, part two of "The Hidden Curriculum," is premised on the belief that testing practices influence educational procedures and learning outcomes. Graduate level science educators shared their assessment techniques in terms of the following categories: (1) exam design; (2) exam format; (3) exam environment; and (4) grading practices.…