The purpose of this paper is twofold: (1) to discuss the variety of factors which should be considered in establishing a testing program; and (2) to summarize some of the basic features of testing programs in Wisconsin public school districts. An effective district-wide testing program should consist of at least the following seven elements: determining a purpose for testing, establishing information requirements, selecting or developing a test, administering the test(s), scoring and analyzing test results, preparing and publishing a report, and providing for follow-up. Wisconsin school districts currently use tests purchased from commercial testing companies, tests purchased from the Wisconsin Pupil Assessment Program, and district-developed tests. The most frequently stated use of test results is to diagnose student strengths and weaknesses. Other frequent uses are to identify curricular strengths and weaknesses, to assist in guidance and counseling, and to place pupils. (Author/BW)