Spatial ability has long been regarded as important in STEM, and mental rotation, a subcategory of spatial ability, is widely accepted as the cognitive ability with the largest gender difference in favor of men. Multiple meta-analyses of various tests of spatial ability have found large gender differences in outcomes of the mental rotation test…

Students who experience mathematics anxiety have long been suggested to engage in avoidance behaviors that negatively impact their mathematics performance. However, little is known about how these avoidance behaviors manifest for highly anxious students within the context of a mathematics course. Since the use of effortful study strategies has…

Setting cutoff scores is one of the most common practices when using scales to aid in classification purposes. This process is usually done univariately where each optimal cutoff value is decided sequentially, subscale by subscale. While it is widely known that this process necessarily reduces the probability of "passing" such a test,…

Validity, reliability, and fairness are three prominent indicators for evaluating the quality of assessment processes. Each of the indicators is most often written about and applied in the context of large-scale assessment. As a result, the technical properties of these indicators make them limited in both their practicality and relevance for…

The purpose of this study is to construct a digital culture test in light of the Item Response Theory and to investigate its psychometric properties. The study sample consisted of six hundred fifty (650) male and female students in the eighth grade from the Directorate of Education and Teaching of Salt District. To obtain the results, the…

This study investigates the relationship between take-home (open-book) examinations (THE) and in-class (closed-book) examinations (ICE) on academic performance and student wellbeing. Two social science courses (one bachelor and one master) were included in the study. In the first cohort (2019), students from both courses performed an ICE, whereas…

Peer Instruction, first introduced by Eric Mazur in the late '90s, is a method aiming at active student participation in lectures. It includes conceptual questions (so-called ConcepTests) presented to the students, who vote on answer alternatives presented to them and then discuss their answers in small groups. As professors have been reported to…

In today's digital age, tests are increasingly being delivered on computers. Many of these computer-based tests (CBTs) have been adapted from paper-based tests (PBTs). However, this change in mode of test administration has the potential to introduce construct-irrelevant variance, affecting the validity of score interpretations. Because of this,…

Educators set restrictions in examinations to enable them to assess learning outcomes under particular conditions. The open book versus closed book binary is an example of the sorts of restrictions examiners have traditionally set. In the late 2000s this was expanded to a trinary to include open web examinations. However, the current technology…

This research aims to reveal the effectiveness of the use of Kofie GeBoL media in improving (1) vector representation ability and (2) critical thinking ability in physics instruction. It is a descriptive quantitative study with the quasi-experiment design. It was conducted in two stages: empirical try out and implementation of Kofie GeboL to see…

The 2-minute step test (2MST) requires minimal resources and is valid in adults older than 60 years. Here we investigate if the 2MST can be used to estimate peak oxygen consumption (VO[subscript 2]peak) in healthy middle-aged adults (40-59 years old). Thirty-six participants completed the 2MST and a maximal graded treadmill test with…

Students' test-taking motivation confounds test performance. This study examines students' conceptions of tests and test-taking motivation when different test consequences are at play. In a between-subjects experimental design, a sample of 479 New Zealand senior secondary school students were randomly assigned to one of the three vignette…

Theories of self-regulated learning suggest a positive link between knowledge monitoring accuracy (the ability to predict test performance) and performance on tests. Put differently, students who accurately monitor their knowledge of course content more efficiently regulate study of course materials. However, a plethora of literature indicates…

Healthcare educators are encouraged to provide both skill-based practical exams and interprofessional experiences to prepare students for clinical practice. With skill-based exams come increased student stress and anxiety. This article reports on the development, exploratory outcomes, and lessons learned from an ungraded objective structured…

An administrative rule allowed students who failed an exam to retake it shortly after, triggering strong `teach to the test' incentives to raise these students' test scores for the retake. We develop a model that accounts for truncation and find that these students score 0.14 standard deviations higher on the retest. Using a regression…