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Beach, Richard – Online Submission, 2011
This paper analyzes the influence of three different learning paradigms for learning literacy--formalist, cognitive-processing, and literacy practices--on the implementation of the Common Core State Standards. It argues that the Common Core State Standards are based largely on a formalist paradigm as evident in the emphasis on teaching text…
Descriptors: Text Structure, Models, State Standards, Educational Change

Schirmer, Barbara R. – American Annals of the Deaf, 1993
The predictions that 48 students with deafness in grades 4-8 made while reading narrative text were analyzed to explore the influence of the children's expectations for text structure and content on reading comprehension. Findings indicated that interacting at a deep level with narrative text was more related to reader characteristics than to…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Deafness, Expectation, Intermediate Grades