How to facilitate learning by novices (students) on their road to expertise has attracted the attention of a vast number of researchers in cognitive and educational psychology as well in the field of learning and instruction. Although many studies have investigated the phenomenon of expertise development, the implications of the findings for…

Praxis is the balance of pedagogical theory and practice. This literature review explores praxis from a critical lens in terms of identity for both students and teachers. The authors center their framework on Hawkins and Norton's (2009) five principles for critical language teaching. The first principle relates to the situated nature of the…

The authors describe principles of good teaching drawn from meta-analyses of research on teaching effectiveness. Recent developments in neurobiology are presented and aligned to provide biological support for these principles. To make it easier for college faculty to try out sample instructional strategies, the authors map principles of good…

Research has shown that when Merrill's First Principles of Instruction are used as part of an instructional strategy, student learning increases. Several articles describe these principles of instruction, including specific methods for implementing this theory. However, because teachers and designers often have little time to design instruction,…

Federal, State and school-based professional development has become a multi-million dollar educational enterprise in Australia. Yet there are no published models for the making of systems-level professional development policy. Reviewing the literature on the characteristics of effective professional development programs, this paper proposes a…

In the mainstream discourse on child development and education, 'school readiness' has been conceptualized as the skills and knowledge that children need when they enter school in order to learn effectively in the school environment. However, school readiness is an idea which is entwined with our beliefs about child development and child needs (E.…

Examines four frequent assumptions about the relationships between adventure education and experiential learning. Suggests that learning requires more than just doing, that adventure education practitioners must encourage participants to make sense out of their experiences through reflection, and that practitioners themselves must reflect on their…

A literature review uncovered unclear and inconsistent concepts of cooperative education; lack of integration of theory, research, and practice; and lack of rigorous research standards. It is crucial that cooperative education be defined, its target audience identified, and principles or tenets of practice described. (SK)

Describes the elements of a democratic education model currently being used in Scottish schools. The model relies on reflective classroom practice, includes both structure and freedom in the learning environment, provides reproductive and productive forms of learning, and furthers the ideal of democracy through everyday classroom practice.…

Uses statements in adventure education brochures to indicate assumptions in the field of adventure education. Points out discrepancies between these assumptions and actual practice. Examines assumptions that adventure education promotes personal growth, that learning from adventure experiences transfers to other areas, and that adventure education…

This book provides a critical examination of the major issues that social work education and practice must confront if social work is to remain as a mainline profession. The book explores issues that are not normally covered in social work literature, such as the challenge of reconstructing the social work profession, the use of technology in…

Discusses the lack of theoretical principles underpinning experiential education. Outlines a flow model of experiential learning applicable to adventure education, involving the learner, reality context, new and applied skills, responsibility, and critical reflection. Suggests that even small increases in theoretical understanding will help…

In social work literature, explanations for new graduates' difficulties include role-organizational conflict, problems with learning transfer, assumptions about theory and practice, and experience of oppositions. Three modes of discourse (technical rationality, practical reflectivity, critical reflectivity) have different ideas and ideals about…

This booklet is the seventh in a series on educational practices that generally improve learning. The psychological principles described in the booklet summarize important findings of recent research on learning that is relevant for education. The principles attempt to integrate research coming from diverse areas of psychology, including…

This article presents six guidelines and tips on their implementation when designing practice activities on basic information for learning-disabled students, overall goals being reduction of acquisition time, increased accuracy after practice and increased automaticity. Guidelines are explained in terms of the published research from which they…