Classification is a complex process that involves scientific concepts and higher-order mental processes such as abstraction, generalization, and pattern recognition. Even though it is an important competence for understanding the world, dealing with data and information, and solving complex problems, the education system embeds just its simplest…

In studies over recent years, there has been an increasing interest in teachers' predicting middle school students' thinking processes. However, as far as we are aware, there are no studies examining students' thinking in terms of mathematical thinking components. This study primarily aimed to determine the mathematical thinking of middle school…

3D geometry is an essential concept in mathematics because it relates to real-world experiences and numerous mathematical topics. However, some students still have difficulty understanding this geometry. Therefore, this study aims to identify and describe students' epistemological obstacles to the dimensions of representation, spatial structure,…

In this article, the role of digital feedback that was provided in an outdoor mathematics education setting is taken into consideration. Using the app MathCityMap (2020) in the context of a mathematics trail, the influence of positive and/or negative feedback is examined in relation to how it influences the processes of verification and…

The use of tasks to promote mathematical reasoning (MR) in teaching practice is essential to meet curricular goals. However, that practice is often a huge challenge for teachers, and particularly for prospective teachers and thus it is essential to highlight it as a goal for initial teacher education. This study focuses on preservice mathematics…

SCAMPER is an acronym that stands for Substitute, Combine, Adapt, Modify, Put to Another Use, Eliminate, and Rearrange (Eberle 1972). Each word in the acronym is related to a question stem designed to prompt creative thinking about a given topic (Flannagan and Sawyer 2015). Using these question stems requires students to systematically think…

Learning mathematics requires real situations that are often faced by students. using the context that is around students for learning mathematics can make the context of mathematics easy to reach by students. This study meant to determine the effectiveness of mathematics learning based on Javanese vegetable salad context in increasing students'…

Purpose of the study is to investigate the effectiveness of the use of Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) approach on sixth grade students' statistical thinking levels. Mooney's (2002) statistical thinking framework describing four thinking levels across four different statistical thinking processes was used. This study utilized a…

Often, when middle-school students make mistakes, they tend to erase their work and record the correct answer without trying to understand what led to the mistake. In response, this article describes three opportunities educators can leverage for engaging students in the processes of reasoning and sense making about mathematics.

We investigate the beliefs that influence middle and high school algebra teachers' appraisals of contextual problems having diverse mathematical and pedagogical features. We asked six teachers to analyze six contextual algebra tasks and indicate how they would apportion instructional time among the six tasks based on their structure, pedagogical…

In this dissertation study, I report on six middle school students' construction and interpretation of graphs and associated dynamic situations. Constructing and interpreting graphs represents a critical moment in middle school mathematics due to its opportunity to provide a powerful foundation for learning. Nevertheless, researchers have…

Ever try to captivate students with real-world applications only to discover that they live in a very different world? Assigning an Extreme Word Problem activity to students alleviates this dilemma by placing the authorship of a problem squarely into the hands of learners. Rather than trying to be hip and finding word problems that resonate with…

Design activities help students develop their three-dimensional thinking skills and gain engineering and technology literacy. This study investigated whether the spatial abilities and 3D geometrical thinking skills of the students differed according to approaches to learning mathematics before and after engineering design-based mathematics (EDBM)…

Supporting students' in-the-moment perseverance is a vital objective in mathematics education because it promotes learning with understanding. Yet, little is written about if and how student perseverance can improve over time. I examine the specific ways in which secondary students improved their perseverance as they engaged with challenging…

An exploratory study was conducted to investigate the use of magic activities in a math course for prospective middle-school math teachers. This research report focuses on a lesson using two versions of math magic: (1) the "5-4-3-2-1-½ Magic" involves having students choose a secret number and apply six arithmetic operations in sequence…