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Kristina M. Tank; Tamara J. Moore; Anne Ottenbreit-Leftwich; Zarina Wafula; Lin Chu; Sohheon Yang – Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 2025
This study investigates the integration of computational thinking (CT) into early elementary literacy, focusing on kindergarten to second grade students, using multiple representations to understand their ideas of CT. Through clinical task-based interviews with 12 students, we found that concrete manipulatives, pictorial/graphical representations,…
Descriptors: Early Childhood Education, Computation, Thinking Skills, Inclusion
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Nouri, Jalal; Zhang, Lechen; Mannila, Linda; Norén, Eva – Education Inquiry, 2020
Teachers around the world have started teaching programming at the K-9 level, some due to the formal introduction of programming in the national curriculum, others without such pressure and on their own initiative. In this study, we attempted to understand which skills -- both CT-related and general -- are developed among pupils in the process of…
Descriptors: Skill Development, Computer Science Education, 21st Century Skills, Thinking Skills