Background: Robot programming can simultaneously cultivate learners' computational thinking (CT) and spatial thinking (ST). However, there is a noticeable gap in research focusing on the micro-level development patterns of learners' CT and ST and their interconnections. Objectives: This study aims to uncover the intricate development patterns and…

This paper presents a theoretical exploration of the relationship between imagination, cognition and metacognition, conceptualised within "emergent models." These models are offered to enable dialogue and tools to understand and support imagination in education practice, through the presence of ever-transforming theory, conceived as…

Enhancing students' analytical thinking skills holds great promise for bolstering a nation's economic growth, fostering a dynamic learning culture, and nurturing human capital development. It is especially critical in today's rapidly changing landscape, where the demand for skilled, adaptable graduates is high. Achieving and sustaining these…

This research investigates the abilities of undergraduate students to apply scientific reasoning in Indonesia, with a particular focus on the concept of force and motion. Forty-three first-year undergraduate students from an Indonesian private institution, comprising 20 males and 23 females, performed the Scientific Reasoning Test of Motion (SRTM)…

Design thinking is often proposed as an educative strategy to enhance growth mindset, problem solving, and creativity, but there are very few evaluations of the impact of experiential design thinking programs. The primary aim of this study was to investigate whether an online design-thinking workshop provided to outdoor education staff could…

This study aims to assess personal creativity and the development of higher-order thinking skills in improvisation. The authors evaluated higher-order thinking skills in music improvisation and creativity of improvised musical compositions. The results of the t-test showed significant progress in both creativity and thinking skills among students…

To date, of the many studies on early algebraic thinking, none, to our knowledge, has examined the relationships between algebraic thinking and negative numbers. Students encounter persistent difficulties in dealing with these numbers, and we believe that these could be addressed through the development of algebraic thinking. We are particularly…

Individual differences in cognitive performance depend on age, skill, and type of task. Nonetheless, whether performance is measured with accuracy (ACC) or with the trade-off between responding speed and accuracy (SAT) could render subtle different relationships. Age and skill might associate more strongly with SAT performance in reasoning tasks,…

Higher education institutions are to teach advanced thinking skills that help students process information, make judgments, and justify associated beliefs. Such skills are necessary for reflective judgment according to the reflective judgment model (RJM). The purpose of this study was to explore whether engaging undergraduate students in classroom…

I investigated the relationships between mathematics achievement on the Iowa Assessments and the mastery of four epistemic actions: selecting, analyzing, computing, and representing. These epistemic actions play a crucial role in characterizing mathematical reasoning and are essential for solving mathematics problems in the Iowa Assessments across…

Concept mapping activities have been used to enhance critical thinking skills as an essential competency for 21st century learners. However, little information has been provided about the relationship between different concept mapping activities and critical thinking skills. This study aimed to examine the effects of the fill-in-the-map activity…

This study reports an empirical research of metacognitive skills and self-regulated learning of prospective chemistry teachers through the implementation of metacognitive skill-based teaching materials. This research involved 73 prospective chemistry teachers from Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Indonesia, who were studying solution chemistry matter.…

Quantitative reasoning is defined as reasoning about relationships between items, measurements of objects, and quantities rather than numbers. Both in the transition from arithmetic to algebra and in the problem-solving process, quantitative reasoning is seen as a critical instrument for the development of students' mathematical skills. In the…

Scientific reasoning (SR) skills and nature of science (NOS) beliefs represent important characteristics of biology teachers' professional competence. In particular, teacher education at university is formative for the professionalization of future teachers and is thus the focus of the current study. Our study aimed to examine the development of…

This study advances the analysis of cognitive skill use at work by considering another crucial factor: the motivation-to-learn (MtL). Previous research has indicated that MtL forms cognitive skills in the school setting. However, the role of MtL in the work setting is much less understood. The present study analyses the association between MtL and…