Most cognitive training programs are adaptive, despite limited direct evidence that this maximizes children's outcomes. This randomized controlled trial evaluated working memory training with difficulty of activities presented using adaptive, self-select, or stepwise compared with an active control. At baseline, immediately, and 6-months…

Reasoning is the process of thinking used to make claims and reach conclusions. It is among the first skills that should be taught to students in mathematics lessons and contributes to the creation and development of mathematical foundations. This study identifies evolution and trends in research on mathematical reasoning over the last four…

Sociotechnical thinking (STT) has recently emerged in response to technical-social dualism. It is defined as the ability to identify, address, and respond to both social and technical dimensions of engineering. As the number of publications on STT increases, so does the need to map the literature. This paper provides a scoping literature review of…

Teachers are increasingly using augmented reality (AR) to develop students' higher-order thinking (HOT). As past studies showed mixed results, our "random effects meta-analysis" of 21 effect sizes from 17 studies of 1256 participants determined the overall effect of AR on HOT and accounted for differences across studies via moderator…

Background: The pedagogy of computational thinking has gained extensive traction across numerous nations globally, with a particular emphasis on nurturing computational thinking in the formative years of early childhood. Nevertheless, the efficacy of diverse instructional approaches in the domain of programming education, with regards to fostering…

The study examined the effect of teaching text-based programming with a physical programming tool on secondary school students' computational thinking skills and self-efficacy perceptions. The study was conducted according to a sequential explanatory design as a mixed method research. The study group consisted of 85 secondary school students.…

This study investigates the contribution of plugged and un-plugged activities to primary school students' development of computational thinking skills. The plugged and unplugged activities were used together in this study. In the implementation, in addition to the un-plugged activities prepared by the "Ministry of National Education,"…

Our technological, information-rich society thrives because of scientific thinking. However, a comprehensive theory of the development of scientific thinking remains elusive. Building on previous theoretical and empirical work in conceptual change, the role of credibility and plausibility in evaluating scientific evidence and claims, science…

In an increasingly complex world, the development of logical reasoning skills is vital for students of all ages. This study investigates the impact of the Logical Intelligence Enhancement Program (LIEP) on the logical reasoning skills of a large sample of primary school students aged between eight and eleven. The research encompasses 54 classes…

This paper examines the implementation of unplugged tasks across different school settings developing computational thinking skills and concepts at upper primary school children in Spain without programming and without using electronic devices. The study is based on qualitative case study design. Across the three case studies/schools --…

Critical thinking is embedded in national university graduate outcomes and included in international bodies' statements on higher education. At the same time, there are tensions surrounding critical thinking in higher education, such as its commodification, Eurocentrism, and relationship to rapidly digitalising cultures. Drawing from the…

In the current educational landscape, the development of critical thinking abilities is becoming increasingly important, especially considering the prevalence of hybrid learning methods. This investigation aimed to evaluate the proficiency of critical thinking skills in students who are immersed in hybrid learning. A descriptive quantitative…

There is a growing need for more effective interdisciplinary science instruction across undergraduate degree programs. In addition to supporting students' connections between disciplinary concepts, interdisciplinary learning can develop students' critical thinking skills and allow them to evaluate scientific investigations and claims between…

Background: Robot programming can simultaneously cultivate learners' computational thinking (CT) and spatial thinking (ST). However, there is a noticeable gap in research focusing on the micro-level development patterns of learners' CT and ST and their interconnections. Objectives: This study aims to uncover the intricate development patterns and…

Recently, computational thinking (CT) has gained importance in education systems worldwide, specifically the CT training of pre-service teachers. This study conducted a systematic literature analysis (2011-2021) of 38 works on pre-service teachers' CT based on Web of Science, Science Direct, and Google Scholar databases. The results were as…