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The Development of Children's Memory for the Time of Past Events.
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Friedman, William J. – Child Development, 1991
In this study of the distinction between temporal distance and location, children were asked to judge the relative recency and time of target events that occurred one and seven weeks before testing. All judged recency and localized time of day correctly. Six- and eight- but not four-year olds localized longer time scales. (BC)
Descriptors: Age Differences, Cues, Individual Development, Memory
The Development of Temporal Metamemory
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Friedman, William J. – Child Development, 2007
In two studies of knowledge about the properties and processes of memory for the times of past events, 178 children from 5 through 13 years of age and 40 adults answered questions about how they would remember times on different scales, how temporal memory is affected by retention interval, and the usefulness of different methods. The adults…
Descriptors: Retention (Psychology), Memory, Children, Adults
Children's Comparison of the Recency of Two Events from the Past Year.
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Friedman, William J.; And Others – Child Development, 1995
Examined developmental changes in the use of distance-based and calendar-based approaches to estimate the recency of two events. Found that children's ability to discriminate temporal relationships between two events appears by four to five years of age. In contrast, use of calendar information and cognizance of annual patterns was found only in…
Descriptors: Age Differences, Cognitive Development, Concept Formation, Cues
The Development of Children's Knowledge of the Times of Future Events.
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Friedman, William J. – Child Development, 2000
Four studies explored children's ability to differentiate future distances of events. Findings indicated that 4-year-olds failed to differentiate future distances. Five-year-olds could distinguish events occurring in coming weeks/months from those many months away. Six- through 8-year-olds made more differentiated judgments than younger children…
Descriptors: Age Differences, Children, Cognitive Development, Intervals
The Development of Children's Knowledge of Temporal Structure.
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Friedman, William J. – Child Development, 1986
Involving second, fourth, sixth, eighth, and tenth graders and undergraduates, three experiments evaluated the prediction that representations of knowledge of the weeks and months of the year develop from a verbal-list stage to a stage at which image representations are present. Results are interpreted as supporting the two-stage model and appear…
Descriptors: Cognitive Development, Developmental Stages, Elementary School Students, Elementary Secondary Education
Arrows of Time in Early Childhood.
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Friedman, William J. – Child Development, 2003
Three studies examined development of the perception of temporally unidirectional transformation, such as dropping blocks, with 3.5- to 6.5-year-olds who compared forward and backward videotapes of events or made individual judgments of what would happen if action were attempted. Findings indicated that even 3.5- to 4.5-year-olds recognized the…
Descriptors: Age Differences, Comparative Analysis, Cross Sectional Studies, Gravity (Physics)