A teaching team of three teachers aims to prepare students for 21st Century Learning Outcomes, which includes critical thinking, problem solving, and communication skills. Yet classroom experience has taught them that one of the most difficult aspects of teaching young children is that they have few experiences or prior knowledge to make sense of…

This article reviews recent research by economists, psychologists, and others on the role of time and the value of time in learning and schooling. (Author)

This report provides descriptive data on allocated time in reading and mathematics for grades two and five as reported by a sample of California teachers participating in the Beginning Teacher Evaluation Study (BTES). The time covered in this report is the intertest period from December 1976 (B) and April 1977 (C). The study forms an addendum to…

The goal of the Beginning Teacher Evaluation Study (BTES) is to identify teacher behaviors which are related to student learning. This report focuses on the relationship between the amount of instructional time devoted to mathematics in grade 2 and student achievement in mathematics. Achievement tests were administered in nine classrooms before…

This report provides descriptive data on allocated time in reading and mathematics for grades two and five as reported by a sample of California teachers participating in one phase of the Beginning Teacher Evaluation Study. The procedures used by teachers to record information are described and data are presented for the A-B period, October to…

This approach to the study of classroom teaching-learning processes concentrates on pupil time and the various ways in which it is used. The conceptual framework contrasts with most earlier studies that report teacher behavior as the most direct influence on pupil achievement. Two premises form the basis of the framework: (1) The total amount of…

Full school days of first and second grades were observed in three inner city schools with primarily minority enrollments. Detailed logs were recorded of activities in terms of subject area, grouping setting, and presence or absence of teacher or aide supervision. The base data and their summaries with respect to pupil and teacher time are…

The goal of this study was to assess the relationship between amount of instructional time and student achievement. Two questions were addressed: (a) Do students who have more time allocated to a particular subject area also learn more in that area? and (b) Do students who spend more "engaged time" in a particular subject area learn more in that…

A review of traditional scheduling patterns and problems which arise from inflexible, lockstep systems leads to an examination of the seven-period day. Charts illustrate the concept of the "floating" period. The author then discusses: (1) flexible modular scheduling; (2) large, intermediate, and small group instruction; and (3) individual and…

The Copernican Plan is a way to organize high schools on the basis of research and experience concerning more effective and efficient instruction. Research indicates that large-block scheduling has proven to be very successful. In the plan, each student will enroll in one class at a time for about 4 hours each day for a period of 30 days. An…

This document presents a descriptive typology created to characterize the diverse program approaches of the Follow Through Planned Variation Experiment. Program approaches are described with respect to two orthogonal dimensions: (1) Program Elements (Instructional, Service, Participatory and Employment) with the major focus on instructional…